In office 10 October 1993 – 31 October 2003 Acting: 24 June – 10 October 1993
Prime Minister
Surat Huseynov Fuad Guliyev Artur Rasizade Ilham Aliyev
Preceded by
Abulfaz Elchibey
Succeeded by
Ilham Aliyev
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan
In office 15 June 1993 – 5 November 1993
President
Abulfaz Elchibey Himself
Prime Minister
Surat Huseynov Fuad Guliyev
Preceded by
Isa Gambar
Succeeded by
Rasul Guliyev
Chairman of the Supreme Assembly of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
In office 17 November 1990 – 9 October 1993
Preceded by
Position established
Succeeded by
Vasif Talibov
First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union
In office 24 November 1982 – 23 October 1987
President
Vasili Kuznetsov (acting) Yuri Andropov Vasili Kuznetsov (acting) Konstantin Chernenko Vasili Kuznetsov (acting) Andrei Gromyko
Premier
Nikolai Tikhonov Nikolai Ryzhkov
Preceded by
Ivan Arkhipov
Succeeded by
Andrei Gromyko
Full member of the 26th, 27th Politburo
In office 22 November 1982 – 21 October 1987
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan
In office 14 July 1969 – 3 December 1982
Preceded by
Veli Akhundov
Succeeded by
Kamran Baghirov
Candidate member of the 25th, 26th Politburo
In office 5 March 1976 – 22 November 1982
Personal details
Born
Heydar Alirza oğlu Aliyev
(1923-05-10)10 May 1923 Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan SSR, Transcaucasian SFSR, Soviet Union
Died
12 December 2003(2003-12-12) (aged 80) Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
Resting place
Alley of Honour
Political party
Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1945–1991) New Azerbaijan Party (1992–2003)[1]
Spouse
Zarifa Aliyeva
(m. 1948; died 1985)
Children
Sevil Aliyeva Ilham Aliyev
Alma mater
Baku State University
Awards
Hero of Socialist Labour (twice)
Signature
Military service
Allegiance
Soviet Union
Branch/service
Committee for State Security of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
Years of service
1941–1969
Rank
Major General
Heydar Alirza oghlu Aliyev[2] (Azerbaijani: Heydər Əlirza oğlu Əliyev (Latin), Һејдәр Әлирза оғлу Әлијев (Cyrillic), IPA:[hejˈdæɾæliɾˈzɑoɣˈluæˈlijef]; Russian: Гейда́р Али́евич Али́ев, IPA:[ɡʲɪjˈdarɐˈlʲijɪvʲɪtɕɐˈlʲijɪf]; 10 May 1923[3] – 12 December 2003) was an Azerbaijani politician who was a Soviet party boss in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic from 1969 to 1982, and the third president of Azerbaijan from October 1993 to October 2003.
He was a high-ranking official in the KGB of the Azerbaijan SSR, serving for 28 years in Soviet state security organs (1941–1969). He governed Soviet Azerbaijan from 1969 to 1982 as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. He held the post of First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union from 1982 to 1987. He rose through the ranks due to his close associations with Leonid Brezhnev and Yuri Andropov.
Aliyev was installed as president of Azerbaijan after the 1993 military coup ousted President Abulfaz Elchibey.[4] Elchibey was a prominent Soviet dissident and Azerbaijani nationalist leader who had been elected as president in independent Azerbaijan's first free election in 1992.[4] Aliyev's installation as president put an end to Azerbaijan's short post-independence democratic interlude.[5][6] Shortly after taking charge, Aliyev organized a presidential election where he won nearly 99% of the vote.[7]
His regime in Azerbaijan has been described as dictatorial,[8][9][10][11][12][13] authoritarian,[14][15][16][17] and repressive.[18] He was also said to have run a heavy-handed police state where elections were rigged and dissent was repressed.[19][20] A cult of personality developed around Aliyev, which has continued after his death in 2003. Shortly before his death, his son Ilham Aliyev was elected president in a fraudulent election and continues to lead Azerbaijan to this day.[21]
^Cite error: The named reference East & Thomas 2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"The National Leader of the Azerbaijani Nation - Heydar Aliyev".
^"Heydar Aliyev biography". Archived from the original on 13 September 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
^ ab"Freedom in the World 2009 - Azerbaijan". Freedom House. 2009.
^Schedler, Andreas (2013). The Politics of Uncertainty: Sustaining and Subverting Electoral Authoritarianism. Oxford University Press. p. 399. ISBN 978-0-19-166983-5.
^Waal, Thomas De (2018). The Caucasus: An Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-19-068308-5.
^Altstadt, Audrey L. (1997), Parrott, Bruce; Dawisha, Karen (eds.), "Azerbaijan's struggle toward democracy", Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus, Democratization and Authoritarianism in Post-Communist Societies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 110–155, ISBN 978-0-521-59731-9
^The Two Faces of Azerbaijan’s Mr. Aliyev // The New York Times, 11 January 2015
^Hans Slomp. Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO, 2011. ISBN 0-313-39181-5, 9780313391811. P.672
^FranCoise Companjen, Laszlo Maracz, Lia Versteegh. Exploring the Caucasus in the 21st Century: Essays on Culture, History and Politics in a Dynamic Context. Amsterdam University Press, 2011. ISBN 90-8964-183-1, 9789089641830. P.121
^Thomas Goltz. Azerbaijan Diary: A Rogue Reporter’s Adventures in an Oil-Rich, War-Torn, Post-Soviet Republic. M.E. Sharpe, 1999. ISBN 0-7656-0244-X, 9780765602442. P.66
^Elisabeth Precht. Azerbaijan In the Shadow of a Dictatorship //Jarl Hjalmarson Foundation, 2012
^В турецком учебнике Гейдар Алиев представлен как диктатор Archived 20 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine // Сontact.az. 2013 Февраль 09 «В изданной в Турции учебнике „Конституционное права“ для студентов университетов бывший президент Азербайджана Гейдар Алиев назван „диктатором“» (copy)
^Rise of Leader's Son Sharpens Azerbaijan's Identity Crisis // Washington Post. 9 August 2003
^David J. Kramer and Richard Kauzlarich. It’s time for the United States to act on Azerbaijan // Washington Post, 8 September 2016
^Svante E. Cornell Democratization Falters in Azerbaijan // Journal of Democracy 12.2 (2001) 118—131
^Борисов Николай Александрович. Институционализация института президентства и перспективы консолидации политических режимов на постсоветском пространстве // «Полития».-2011.-№ 4(63).-С.93-103. «И хотя эта гипотеза ещё нуждается в дополнительной проверке, уместно предположить, что в этих государствах состоялась авторитарная консолидация, причем важнейшим её фактором был институт президентства и сами личности президентов (Сапармурат Ниязов, Эмомали Рахмон, Нурсултан Назарбаев, Гейдар Алиев)»
^Encyclopædia Britannica. Heydar Aliyev.
Azerbaijani politician who, was one of the most powerful men in Azerbaijan for more than 30 years, as deputy chairman (1964–67) and chairman (1967–69) of the regional KGB, as secretary (1969–87) of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, and from 1993 as the repressive and autocratic president of independent Azerbaijan.
^"Heidar Aliev, maestro of the Caucasus". The Economist. 31 August 2000. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
"There is stability, because Mr Aliev is an acute tactician who runs a heavy-handed police state. Opposition leaders who decline to be co-opted are in jail, in exile or bullied. Elections are rigged, the media muzzled."
^Kucera, Joshua (20 May 2008). "Travels in the Former Soviet Union". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
^"Azerbaijan: Biography Of Deceased Former President Heidar Aliyev". eurasianet.org. 14 December 2003. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
The HeydarAliyev Center (Azerbaijani: HeydərƏliyev Mərkəzi) is a 57,500 m2 (619,000 sq ft) building complex in Baku, Azerbaijan, designed by Iraqi-British...
HeydarAliyev International Airport (Azerbaijani: HeydarAliyev adına Beynəlxalq Hava Limanı) (IATA: GYD, ICAO: UBBB) is one of the seven international...
Ilham Heydar oghlu Aliyev (Azerbaijani: İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev [ilˈhɑm hejˈdæɾ oɣˈlu æˈlijev]; born 24 December 1961) is an Azerbaijani politician who...
1993, has been accused of authoritarianism under president HeydarAliyev and his son Ilham Aliyev, and deteriorating the country's human rights record, including...
needed] After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijani President HeydarAliyev returned several synagogues and a Jewish college, nationalised by the...
HeydarAliyev Palace (Azeri: HeydərƏliyev Adına Saray, also known as Baku Palace, formerly Republic Palace (Respublika Sarayı) and during the Soviet era...
in Azerbaijan, founded on 21 November 1992 under the leadership of HeydarAliyev. After his election as President of Azerbaijan on 3 October 1993, and...
every part of them is in motion. HeydarAliyev Center in Baku, Azerbaijan (2007–2013) Auditorium of the HeydarAliyev Center Vienna University of Economics...
current President Ilham AliyevHeydarAliyev (1923–2003), former President of Azerbaijan Igrar Aliyev, Azerbaijani historian Ilham Aliyev (born 1961), current...
The HeydarAliyev Foundation (Azerbaijani: HeydərƏliyev Fondu) is a private foundation headed by Azerbaijan's First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva. The foundation...
Nasir Imanguliyev. She married Ilham Aliyev, the son of HeydarAliyev, in Baku on 22 December 1983. The Aliyevs have two daughters, Leyla (born 3 July...
1993 military coup backed by Russia that led to the installation of HeydarAliyev as president. Elchibey's brief rule was the only post-Soviet period...
after Jamshid Nakhchivanski, also known as the HeydarAliyev Military Lyceum (Azerbaijani: HeydərƏliyev adına Hərbi Lisey) is a state school, specializing...
the ruling Aliyev dynasty in Azerbaijan. She is the daughter of Azerbaijan's ruler Ilham Aliyev and granddaughter of former ruler HeydarAliyev. Aliyeva...
HeydarAliyev Order (Azerbaijani: "HeydərƏliyev" ordeni) is the supreme order of Azerbaijan. The order was ratified by legislation of Azerbaijan Republic...
wife of third President of Azerbaijan HeydarAliyev and the mother of the fourth President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev. Zarifa Aziz gizi was born in Shahtakhkty...
presidential apparatus) on Istiglaliyyat Street in Baku. Ilham Aliyev, son of the former president, Heydar, was elected the 4th and current president on 31 October...
The HeydarAliyev Sports and Exhibition Complex is the main exhibition space of Baku, Azerbaijan. Named after a former President HeydarAliyev (whose presidency...
government in Moscow appointed HeydarAliyev as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan in 1969. Aliyev temporarily improved economic...
Secretary of Azerbaijan Communist Party and later President of Azerbaijan, HeydarAliyev on the basis of an eight-year Baku boarding school No. 2. The initial...
The HeydarAliyev Prize was created by the Decree #38 of the President of Azerbaijan, on March 10, 2004. The head of state approved the regulation of...
Palace of the Shirvanshahs Maiden Tower Alley of Honor Martyrs' Lane HeydarAliyev Cultural Center International Mugam Center of Azerbaijan Palace of Happiness...
from 1996 until 2018 under the authoritarian regimes of HeydarAliyev and his son Ilham Aliyev. Thomas de Waal writes of Rasizade's tenure that he "had...
The HeydarAliyev Baku Oil Refinery (Azerbaijani: HeydərƏliyev adına Bakı Neft Emalı Zavodu) is an oil refinery located in Baku, Azerbaijan. It is currently...
held in Azerbaijan on 11 October 1998. The result was a victory for HeydarAliyev of the New Azerbaijan Party, who received 78% of the vote. Voter turnout...