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Heroic capitalism or dynamic capitalism was a concept proposed by Benito Mussolini in a speech given in November 1933 to the National Council of Corporations of the Kingdom of Italy.[1][2] The speech was given in the context of the ongoing Great Depression, and Mussolini attempted to explain the economic crisis in the world at the time by arguing that capitalism had gradually degenerated from its origins: first there had been dynamic or heroic capitalism (1830–1870), followed by static capitalism (1870–1914), in turn followed by the final form of decadent capitalism, known also as supercapitalism, which began in 1914.[3][1]
Although Mussolini did not advocate a return to heroic capitalism, he praised it as a golden age of private initiative and free competition,[2] reflecting Italian Fascism's admiration for "capitalist production, captains of industries, modern entrepreneurs."[4] In principle, the Italian bourgeoisie could count on Mussolini's support as long as it remained heroic.[2] However, Mussolini believed that the degeneration of capitalism away from its heroic stage was an inevitable result of economic individualism, and therefore argued that the supervision of the Fascist state was essential to enable private enterprise to maintain its heroic character.[1][5] Italian Fascism would continue to support private property and private enterprise as long as "it does not confine itself to enjoying wealth, but develops it, increases it, multiplies it".[4]
^ abcFalasca-Zamponi, Simonetta. Fascist Spectacle: The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini's Italy. p. 136.
^ abcSalvemini, Gaetano. Under the Axe of Fascism. 2006. p. 132-133.
^Mussolini, Benito. Four Speeches on the Corporate State: With an Appendix Including the Labour Charter, the Text of Laws on Syndical and Corporate Organisations and Explanatory Notes. Laboremus, 1935. p. 16
^ abFalasca-Zamponi, Simonetta. Fascist Spectacle: The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini's Italy. p. 137.
^Salvemini, Gaetano. Under the Axe of Fascism. 2006. p. 134.
Heroiccapitalism or dynamic capitalism was a concept proposed by Benito Mussolini in a speech given in November 1933 to the National Council of Corporations...
Italian Fascism did not support a return to dynamic or heroiccapitalism, he appreciated heroiccapitalism for its industrial advances and technological achievements...
dynamic or heroiccapitalism (1830–1870), followed by static capitalism (1870–1914) and then reaching its final form of decadent capitalism, also known...
("productive capitalism") that was based upon profit earned from one's own labour, but condemned unproductive capitalism or loan capitalism, which derived...
heroiccapitalism or dynamic capitalism (1830–1870), which gave way to static capitalism (1870–1914), which then transformed into decadent capitalism...
reactionary corporatists favoured corporatism in order to end liberal capitalism and to restore the feudal system. Countering the reactionaries were the...
meeting in these hours of utmost trial, turns all its thoughts to the heroic fighters in every corps who, side by side with the people of Sicily in whom...
Heroic realism is art used as political propaganda. Examples include the socialist realism style associated with socialist states, and sometimes the similar...
an alternative to both Marxist international socialism and free-market capitalism. Nazism rejected the Marxist concepts of class conflict and universal...
"a historic phase of capitalism" and "...the nakedest, most shameless, most oppressive, and most treacherous form of capitalism" (1935). Georgi Dimitrov...
According to Shoshana Zuboff, the economic pressures of modern surveillance capitalism are driving the intensification of connection and monitoring online with...
profits of its business allies. Fascism had a complex relationship with capitalism, both supporting and opposing different aspects of it at different times...
Alternative" to capitalism and Marxism that Italian fascism regarded as "obsolete doctrines". For instance, he said in 1935 that orthodox capitalism no longer...