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Page from Herbarium vivum compiled by Hieronymus Harder (1523-1607) in 1576
Title page of Herbarium vivum compiled by Johann Hieronymus Kniphof in 1759
A Herbarium vivum (plural Herbaria viva) is a collection of plants and images, and their descriptions from a particular locality. The images were produced by a process doubtless suggested by engraving and lithography whereby an object coated with printer's ink or other suitable substance, is pressed onto paper, leaving behind an impression. An earlier method had used the lampblack derived from the sooty flame of a candle or lamp. The impression could then be painted over in colour with the certainty that form and size had been accurately fixed. [1] The technique was adapted to circumstance, leading to mounting of dried plant material such as flowers, leaves or fruits, and supplemented by painting or sketching parts too bulky for pressing, so that a reasonable semblance of the complete plant could be formed.
Hieronymus Harder produced a Herbarium vivum in 12 volumes, the earliest dating to 1562. One of the volumes from 1576 is kept at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and is online here. Henrik Bernard Oldenland, a Cape Colony botanist assembled a Herbarium vivum of some 13 volumes which found their way into the possession of Johannes Burman, professor of botany in Amsterdam. Kniphof's 1759 Herbarium vivum comprised some 1200 botanical illustrations. In 1834 the astronomer John Herschel, facing a similar problem of accurate delineating, used a camera lucida to pencil in the outlines of Cape Colony plants while his wife Margaret then painted in the details.
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A Herbariumvivum (plural Herbaria viva) is a collection of plants and images, and their descriptions from a particular locality. The images were produced...
German naturalist and pharmacist Johann Balthasar Ehrhart [de] called Herbariumvivum recens collectum... It was distributed in 1732. The plant material...
Plant collecting Oshibana Virtual herbarium "Herbarius continens species plantarum tum patriarum tum exoticarum ad vivum prout nascuntur in horto infirmariae...
of minerals, including specimens of mercury from the Idrija mine, a herbariumvivum with over 4,000 specimens of Carniolan and foreign plants, a smaller...
in originali" (later releases known as "Botanica in Originali, seu HerbariumVivum"). Considered to be Kniphof's magnum opus, it would eventually be published...
collections - these being some of the earliest of the type known as Herbariumvivum in which missing parts of the specimens are represented by coloured...
there, acknowledging his sources as Hartog and the Herbariumvivum of the late Oldenland. A Herbariumvivum was a compilation of pressed useful plants, such...
of minerals, including specimens of mercury from the Idrija mine, a herbariumvivum with over 4,000 specimens of Carniolan and foreign plants, a smaller...
assist in spreading the mycoparasite to new mildew colonies. "Klotzchii Herbariumvivum Mecologicum etc. Centuria XVII cura Lud. Rabenhorst". Botanische Zeitung...
1600) De animalibus insectis libri septem, cum singulorum iconibus ad vivum expressis (Bologna, 1602) 1618 edition Ornithologiae tomus tertius, ac postremus...
fungi on stock in the Linnaean herbarium, with a presentation of some of the foreign genera and species) Herbariumvivum mycologicum sistens fungorum per...
(1808, Moscow) Genera Plantarum Umbelliferarum (1814, 1816, Moscow) Herbariumvivum, sive collectio plantarum siccarun, Caesareae Universitatis Mosquensis...
R (1553). Trium priorum de stirpium historia commentariorum imagines ad vivum expressae (in Latin). Antwerp: Jean de Loë. p. 132. doi:10.5962/bhl.title...
1714 Paris Icones Plantarum per Galliam, Hispaniam et Italiam Observata ad Vivum Exhibitarum Jacques Barrelier (1606–1673) 1716–28 Cambridge Historia Plantarum...
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