Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (March 28, 1793 – December 10, 1864) was an American geographer, geologist, and ethnologist, noted for his early studies of Native American cultures, as well as for his 1832 expedition to the source of the Mississippi River. He is also noted for his major six-volume study of Native Americans commissioned by Congress and published in the 1850s.
He served as United States Indian agent in Michigan for a period beginning in 1822. During this period, he named several newly organized counties, often creating neologisms that he claimed were derived from indigenous languages.
There he married Jane Johnston, daughter of a prominent Scotch-Irish fur trader and an Ojibwe mother, who was the high-ranking daughter of Waubojeeg, a war chief. Johnston lived with her family in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.
Johnston was bilingual and educated, having grown up in a literate household. She taught Schoolcraft the Ojibwe language and much about her maternal culture. They had several children together, only two of whom survived past childhood. She is now recognized for her poetry and other writings as the first Native American literary writer in the United States.
Schoolcraft continued to study Native American tribes and publish works about them. In 1833, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society.[1]
By 1846 Jane had died. That year Schoolcraft was commissioned by Congress for a major study, known as Indian Tribes of the United States. It was published in six volumes from 1851 to 1857, and illustrated by Seth Eastman, a career Army officer with extensive experience as an artist of indigenous peoples.
Schoolcraft married again in 1847, to Mary Howard, from a slaveholding family in South Carolina. In 1860 she published the bestselling novel The Black Gauntlet. It was part of the Anti-Tom literature that was written in Southern response to the bestselling Uncle Tom's Cabin by Northern abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe.
^"APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (March 28, 1793 – December 10, 1864) was an American geographer, geologist, and ethnologist, noted for his early studies of Native...
American author HenrySchoolcraft (1793–1864), American geographer, geologist, and ethnologist, husband of Mary Mary Howard Schoolcraft (1820-1878), American...
Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, also known as Bamewawagezhikaquay (January 31, 1800 – May 22, 1842) is the one of earliest Native American literary writers...
Allegan is a city, county, and township in the U.S. state of Michigan: Allegan, Michigan Allegan County, Michigan Allegan Township, Michigan Allegan (meteorite)...
the college officially changed the name to Schoolcraft College, after an American geologist HenrySchoolcraft. The school's name omits the word "community"...
Kalkaska may refer to several places or things associated with the U.S. state of Michigan: Kalkaska, Michigan, a village in Kalkaska Township and county...
Iosco or IOSCO may refer to: International Organization of Securities Commissions Iosco County, Michigan Iosco Township, Michigan Iosco Township, Minnesota...
Oscoda may refer to: Oscoda, Michigan, an unincorporated community in Iosco County Oscoda County, Michigan Oscoda Township, Michigan, in Iosco County This...
assimilationist vision of HenrySchoolcraft, the U.S. government official supervising Native American affairs and based at Mackinac Island. Schoolcraft noticed in the...
Itasca is a word coined by HenrySchoolcraft and may refer to: Lake Itasca, the source of the Mississippi River Itasca County, Minnesota Itasca Township...
Tuscola may refer to: Tuscola, Illinois Tuscola Township, Douglas County, Illinois Tuscola, Kentucky Tuscola County, Michigan Tuscola Township, Tuscola...
Look up Leelanau in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Leelanau may refer to a number of articles relating to the region of the northwestern Lower Peninsula...
and lawn sprinkler systems. HenrySchoolcraft, The American Indians (1851) Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe (1851). HenrySchoolcraft's History of American Indians...
Look up Alpena or alpena in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Alpena may refer to: Alpena, Michigan, the sole city in, and the county seat of Alpena County...
Alcona may refer to: Alcona, a railway flag stop in Sioux Lookout, Kenora District, Ontario, Canada Alcona, a community in Innisfil, Ontario, Canada Alcona...
the same size as the Mississippi itself. The river is named after HenrySchoolcraft, who mapped the region and discovered nearby Lake Itasca as the source...
Algoma may refer to: Algoma Central Railway, Northern Ontario Algoma Central Corporation Algoma Foundry and Machine Company, Algoma, Wisconsin, U.S. Algoma...
languages. The term Algic was first coined by HenrySchoolcraft in his Algic Researches, published in 1839. Schoolcraft defined the term as "derived from the...
the Crow Wing River. After the expeditions by Giacomo Beltrami and HenrySchoolcraft, the longest stream above the juncture of the Crow Wing River and...
the Indian agent, HenrySchoolcraft, about a war party from Leech Lake, departing to pursuit the Dakota. They met with Schoolcraft, accompanied by an...
perimeter of Michigan in 1820, HenrySchoolcraft first reached the mouth of the Ontonagon River on June 27. Schoolcraft and his fellow voyagers, led by...
second oldest in the United States, behind Niagara Falls State Park. HenrySchoolcraft determined Lake Itasca as the river's source in 1832. It was named...
The Anishinaabeg say the mother's name means "nourishment", but HenrySchoolcraft suggests the name is from the Dakota Winona ("first-born daughter")...
Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, Father Louis Hennepin, Jonathan Carver, HenrySchoolcraft, and Joseph Nicollet mapped the state. The region was part of Spanish...
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