American political economist and journalist (1839–1897)
For other uses, see Henry George (disambiguation).
Henry George
Born
(1839-09-02)September 2, 1839
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Died
October 29, 1897(1897-10-29) (aged 58)
New York City, U.S.
Notable work
Progress and Poverty (1879)
Protection or Free Trade (1886)
Spouse
Annie Corsina Fox
(m. 1861)
Children
Henry George Jr. Anna George de Mille
Era
Modern philosophy
19th-century philosophy
Region
Western philosophy
American philosophy
School
Georgism
Main interests
Economics
Comparative
Ethics
Land
Philosophy
Ethics
Politics
Notable ideas
Citizen's dividend
Free public goods from land value capture
Georgism
Land value tax
Municipalization
Monetary sovereignty
Single tax
Spaceship Earth
Theory of land monopoly
Unearned income
Henry George (September 2, 1839 – October 29, 1897) was an American political economist and journalist. His writing was immensely popular in 19th-century America and sparked several reform movements of the Progressive Era. He inspired the economic philosophy known as Georgism, the belief that people should own the value they produce themselves, but that the economic value of land (including natural resources) should belong equally to all members of society. George famously argued that a single tax on land values would create a more productive and just society.
His most famous work, Progress and Poverty (1879), sold millions of copies worldwide.[1] The treatise investigates the paradox of increasing inequality and poverty amid economic and technological progress, the business cycle with its cyclic nature of industrialized economies, and the use of rent capture such as land value taxation and other anti-monopoly reforms as a remedy for these and other social problems.
Other works by George defended free trade, the secret ballot, free (at marginal cost) public utilities/transportation provided by the capture of their resulting land rent uplift, Pigouvian taxation, and public ownership of other natural monopolies.
George was a journalist for many years, and the popularity of his writing and speeches brought him to run for election as Mayor of New York City in 1886.[2] As the United Labor Party nominee in 1886 and in 1897 as the Jefferson Democracy Party nominee, he received 31 percent and 4 percent of the vote respectively and finished ahead of former New York State Assembly minority leader Theodore Roosevelt in the first race. After his death during the second campaign, his ideas were carried forward by organizations and political leaders through the United States and other Anglophone countries. The mid-20th century labor economist and journalist George Soule wrote that George was by far "the most famous American economic writer" and "author of a book which probably had a larger world-wide circulation than any other work on economics ever written."[3]
^"American History: Excerpt from Henry George Progress and Poverty 1879". University of Groningen. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
^Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "George, Henry" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 747.
^Soule, George. Ideas of the Great Economists (1955) p. 81.
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