Swiss state allied to the French Republic (1798–1803)
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Helvetic Republic
Helvetische Republik(German) République helvétique(French) Repubblica Elvetica(Italian) Republica helvetica(Romansh)
1798–1803
Flag
Official seal of the "smaller council" (Kleiner Rath)
The Helvetic Republic, with borders according to the first Helvetic constitution of 12 April 1798
Note: See below for a full list of predecessor states
The Helvetic Republic (French: République helvétique, German: Helvetische Republik, Italian: Repubblica Elvetica, Romansh: Republica helvetica) was a sister republic of France that existed between 1798 and 1803, during the French Revolutionary Wars. It was created following the French invasion and the consequent dissolution of the Old Swiss Confederacy, marking the end of the ancien régime in Switzerland.[4] Throughout its existence, the republic incorporated most of the territory of modern Switzerland, excluding the cantons of Geneva and Neuchâtel and the old Prince-Bishopric of Basel.[1]
The Swiss Confederacy, which until then had consisted of self-governing cantons united by a loose military alliance (and ruling over subject territories such as Vaud), was invaded by the French Revolutionary Army and turned into an ally known as the "Helvetic Republic". The interference with localism and traditional liberties was deeply resented, although some modernizing reforms took place.[5][6] Resistance was strongest in the more traditional Catholic cantons, with armed uprisings breaking out in spring 1798 in the central part of Switzerland. The French and Helvetic armies suppressed the uprisings, but opposition to the new government gradually increased over the years, as the Swiss resented their loss of local democracy, the new taxes, the centralization and the hostility to religion. Nonetheless, there were long-term effects.[7][clarification needed]
The Republic's name Helvetic, after the Helvetii, the Gaulish inhabitants of the Swiss Plateau in antiquity, was not an innovation; rather, the Swiss Confederacy had occasionally been dubbed Republica Helvetiorum in humanist Latin since the 17th century, and Helvetia, the Swiss national personification, made her first appearance in 1672.[citation needed] In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic represents an early attempt to establish a centralized government in the country.
^ abHelvetic Republic in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
^The constitution of the Helvetic Republic Archived 8 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine, as described in the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
^Ayres-Bennett, Wendy; Carruthers, Janice (2018). Manual of Romance Sociolinguistics. De Gruyter. p. 529. ISBN 9783110365955. Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^Lerner, Marc H. (2023), "Switzerland: Local Agency and French Intervention: The Helvetic Republic", The Cambridge History of the Age of Atlantic Revolutions, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, pp. 303–328, doi:10.1017/9781108599405.015, ISBN 978-1-108-47598-3
^Marc H. Lerner, "The Helvetic Republic: An Ambivalent Reception of French Revolutionary Liberty," French History (2004) 18#1 pp 50–75.
^R.R. Palmer, The Age of the Democratic Revolution 2:394-421
^Otto Dann; John Dinwiddy (1988). Nationalism in the Age of the French Revolution. Continuum. pp. 190–98. ISBN 9780907628972. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
The HelveticRepublic (French: République helvétique, German: Helvetische Republik, Italian: Repubblica Elvetica, Romansh: Republica helvetica) was a...
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formation of the federal state in 1848, harking back to the Napoleonic HelveticRepublic. It appeared on coins from 1879, inscribed on the Federal Palace in...
was completely overrun by the French and was renamed the HelveticRepublic. The HelveticRepublic encountered severe economic and political problems. In...
Helvetic may refer to: Helvetii, Celtic tribes inhabiting most of the Swiss plateau during the Roman Empire HelveticRepublic, the precursor of the state...
Rauracian Republic (1792–1793), French revolutionary republic in Basel The Lémanique Republic (1798), joined the HelveticRepublic The Republic of Mainz...
Switzerland fell to a French invasion in 1798 and was reformed into the HelveticRepublic, a French client state. Napoleon's Act of Mediation in 1803 restored...
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and politician, best known for leading an early revolt against the HelveticRepublic, not to be confused with the font of Helvetica. Reding was born in...
in 1848, with a brief period of centralised government during the HelveticRepublic (1798–1803). The term Kanton has been widely used since the 19th century...
called the "Helvetic Revolution". The Swiss ancien régime institutions were abolished and replaced by the centralised HelveticRepublic, one of the sister...
the new district were supporters of HelveticRepublic and the French army. After the collapse of the HelveticRepublic, the Act of Mediation of 1803 dissolved...
emigrandi (right of emigration). The short-lived HelveticRepublic, established as a sister republic of France between 1798 and 1803, was as a secular...
Revolutionary Army in 1798, after which it became the short-lived HelveticRepublic. The adjective "old" was introduced after the Napoleonic era with...
Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the French Republic on 19 February 1803 to abolish the HelveticRepublic, which had existed since the invasion of Switzerland...
French troops. On 22 March 1798 Aarau was declared the capital of the HelveticRepublic. It is therefore the first capital of a unified Switzerland. Parliament...
military complained to the government of the recently established HelveticRepublic about the different uniforms of the postal services, the decision...
uncompromising position against the newly created HelveticRepublic and the limited freedom of religion in the Republic. In response, the cantons of Uri, Schwyz...
in 1798 as a result of the French invasion and the founding of the HelveticRepublic. At the time, it only comprised the western part. It was created at...
Lower Valais gained its independence. Valais fluctuated between the HelveticRepublic (1798-1802), theoretical independence (1802-1810) and incorporation...
Switzerland with the establishment of the HelveticRepublic. Tell became, as it were, the mascot of the short-lived republic, his figure being featured on its...
German nationalism. France invaded Switzerland and turned it into the "HelveticRepublic" (1798–1803), a French puppet state. French interference with localism...
"Thirteen Cantons" of the Reformation period during 1481–1513. The HelveticRepublic (formed 1798) as revised in the Act of Mediation (1803) added further...
Army, overthrew the central government in Bern and established the HelveticRepublic. Other factors contributed to the rising tensions. In the summer of...
civil war in Switzerland in 1802 that resulted in the collapse of the HelveticRepublic, the renewed French occupation of Switzerland and ultimately the Act...
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