Heliopsis helianthoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common names rough oxeye,[2]smooth oxeye[3] and false sunflower.[4] It is native to eastern and central North America from Saskatchewan east to Newfoundland and south as far as Texas, New Mexico, and Georgia.[5][6][7]
Heliopsis helianthoides is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial growing 40–150 cm (16–59 in) tall. The toothed leaf blades are oval to triangular or lance-shaped and may be smooth or hairy or rough in texture. The flowers are produced from midsummer to early autumn (fall).[8] The inflorescence contains one to many composite flowerheads. Each head contains yellow ray florets which are generally 2–4 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄2 in) long. The rays are fertile, having a small forked pistil at the base; this distinguishes them from true sunflowers.[9] At the center are many yellow to brownish disc florets. The fruit is an achene about 5 mm (0.20 in) long.[5]
In the wild, H. helianthoides may be found in wooded areas and tallgrass prairie, and sometimes along roadsides.[4]
It is a popular garden plant for moist, fertile soil in full sun. Plants grow stiff and tall, so may require staking. Several cultivars are available with flowers of varying colors and shades. These include 'Summer Sun', 'Golden Plume', and 'Prairie Sunset'.[6] The following cultivars of H. helianthoides var. scabra ("rough")[10] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:[11]
'Benzinggold'[12]
'Light of Loddon'[13]
'Loraine Sunshine'='Helhan' [14]
'Sonnenglut' [15]
'Spitzentänzerin'[16]
'Waterperry Gold'[17]
The Botanical Latin species name helianthoides means “resembling sunflowers”.[18]
^"Heliopsis helianthoides". The Global Compositae Checklist (GCC) – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
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^ abCite error: The named reference USDA Plant Guide was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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^Newcomb, Lawrence (1977). Newcomb's Wildflower Guide. Little, Brown & Company. p. 390.
^Cite error: The named reference RHS Latin for Gardeners was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 43. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
^"Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Benzinggold'". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
^"Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Light of Loddon'". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
^"Heliopsis helianthoides Loraine Sunshine='Helhan'". RHS. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
^"Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Sonnenglut'". RHS. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
^"Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Spitzentänzerin'". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
^"Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Waterperry Gold'". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
^Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 184533731X.
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