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Not to be confused with arrhythmia, heart sounds, or heart rhythm.
Medical condition
Heart murmur
Phonocardiogram from normal and abnormal heart sounds
Specialty
Cardiology
Symptoms
Whooshing
Causes
Insufficiency, regurgitation, stenosis
Heart murmurs are unique heart sounds produced when blood flows across a heart valve or blood vessel.[1] This occurs when turbulent blood flow creates a sound loud enough to hear with a stethoscope.[2] Turbulent blood flow is not smooth.[3] The sound differs from normal heart sounds by their characteristics. For example, heart murmurs may have a distinct pitch, duration and timing.[2][4] The major way health care providers examine the heart on physical exam is heart auscultation;[4] another clinical technique is palpation, which can detect by touch when such turbulence causes the vibrations called cardiac thrill.[5] A murmur is a sign found during the cardiac exam. Murmurs are of various types and are important in the detection of cardiac and valvular pathologies (i.e. can be a sign of heart diseases or defects).
There are two types of murmur. A functional murmur is a benign heart murmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart. The other type of heart murmur is due to a structural defect in the heart itself.[1][6] Defects may be due to narrowing of one or more valves (stenosis), backflow of blood, through a leaky valve (regurgitation), or the presence of abnormal passages through which blood flows in or near the heart.[1]
Most murmurs are normal variants that can present at various ages which relate to changes of the body with age such as chest size, blood pressure, and pliability or rigidity of structures.[4]
Heart murmurs are frequently categorized by timing. These include systolic heart murmurs, diastolic heart murmurs, or continuous murmurs. These differ in the part of the heartbeat they make sound, during systole, or diastole. Yet, continuous murmurs create sound throughout both parts of the heartbeat. Continuous murmurs are not placed into the categories of diastolic or systolic murmurs.[7]
^ abc"Patient education: Heart murmurs (The Basics)". UpToDate. 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
^ abBraunwald's heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Douglas P. Zipes, Peter Libby, Robert O. Bonow, Douglas L. Mann, Gordon F. Tomaselli, Eugene Braunwald (Eleventh ed.). Philadelphia. 2019. ISBN 978-0-323-46342-3. OCLC 1030994993.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
^Hurst's the heart. Valentin Fuster, Robert A. Harrington, Jagat Narula, Zubin J. Eapen (14th ed.). New York. 2017. ISBN 9780071843249. OCLC 976001975.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
^ abcBickley, Lynn S. (2021). Bates' guide to physical examination and history taking. Peter G. Szilagyi, Richard M. Hoffman, Rainier P. Soriano (Thirteenth ed.). Philadelphia. ISBN 978-1-4963-9817-8. OCLC 1153338113.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^"Cardiac thrill". nih.gov. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
^"heart murmur" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^"continuous murmur" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Heartmurmurs are unique heart sounds produced when blood flows across a heart valve or blood vessel. This occurs when turbulent blood flow creates a sound...
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Murmur of the Heart (French: Le souffle au cœur) is a 1971 French comedy-drama film written, produced and directed by Louis Malle. It stars Lea Massari...
including heartmurmurs, adventitious sounds, and gallop rhythms S3 and S4. Heartmurmurs are generated by turbulent flow of blood and a murmur to be heard...
functional murmur (innocent murmur, physiologic murmur) is a heartmurmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart, as opposed...
known as a "murmured voice" Heartmurmur, a pathologic heart sound produced as a result of turbulent blood Murmur can also refer to: Murmur (album), the...
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Austin Flint murmur is a low-pitched rumbling heartmurmur which is best heard at the cardiac apex. It can be a mid-diastolic or presystolic murmur It is associated...
blood flow or increased intracardiac pressure. Heartmurmurs may indicate the presence of valvular heart disease, either as a cause (e.g., aortic stenosis)...
The Carey Coombs murmur or Coombs murmur is a clinical sign which occurs in patients with mitral valvulitis due to acute rheumatic fever. It is described...
abnormality. A mid-systolic click and heartmurmur may indicate mitral valve prolapse. A harsh holo-systolic murmur best heard at the left sternal border...
Prolapse murmur at mitral area Heart sounds of a 16-year-old girl diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation. Auscultating her heart, a systolic...
Graham Steell murmur is a heartmurmur typically associated with pulmonary regurgitation. It is a high pitched early diastolic murmur heard best at the...
lungs, a dangerous condition called a pulmonary embolism. Heartmurmur: Two of the heart's four valves – the mitral and tricuspid valves – may become...
Prolapse murmurHeart sounds of a 16-year-old girl diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation. Auscultating her heart, a systolic murmur and...
Schlant, R C; Hurst, J W (1972). "Response of heartmurmur intensity to isometric (handgrip) exercise". Heart. 34 (6): 605–10. doi:10.1136/hrt.34.6.605....
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the loudness of a heartmurmur. The eponym is from researcher Samuel A. Levine who studied the significance of systolic heartmurmurs. The grading gives...
Prolapse murmur at mitral area Heart sounds of a 16-year-old girl diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation. Auscultating her heart, a systolic...
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