Courant–Snyder parameters Oppenheimer–Snyder model Strong focusing
Scientific career
Fields
Theoretical physics
Institutions
Northwestern University
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Doctoral advisor
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Hartland Sweet Snyder (1913, Salt Lake City – 1962) was an American physicist[1] who, together with Robert Oppenheimer, showed how large stars would collapse to form black holes.[2] This work modeled the gravitational collapse of a pressure-free homogeneous fluid sphere and found that it would be unable to communicate with the rest of the universe.[3]
This discovery was depicted in the movie Oppenheimer, where Snyder was portrayed by actor Rory Keane.[4]
Historian of physics David C. Cassidy assessed that this prediction of black holes might have won a Nobel Prize in Physics had the authors been alive in the 1990s when evidence was available.[5]
Some publications Snyder authored together with Ernest Courant[6] laid the foundations for the field of accelerator physics. In particular, Snyder with Courant and Milton Stanley Livingston developed the principle of strong focusing that made modern particle accelerators possible. The Courant–Snyder parameters, a method of characterizing the distribution of particles in a beam, were an important part of that contribution.[7]
In 1954, Snyder bet against Maurice Goldhaber that antiprotons existed, and won.[8]
^Snyder, Hartland S. (July 1962). "Hartland S. Snyder". Physics Today. 15 (7): 78. doi:10.1063/1.3058300.
^Bartels, Meghan (21 July 2023). "Oppenheimer Almost Discovered Black Holes Before He Became 'Destroyer of Worlds'". Scientific American. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
^Oppenheimer, J. R.; Snyder, H. (1 September 1939). "On Continued Gravitational Contraction". Physical Review. 56 (5). American Physical Society (APS): 455–459. doi:10.1103/physrev.56.455. ISSN 0031-899X.
^Thompson, David (29 July 2023). "Oppenheimer Cast: Every Celebrity & Actor In the Movie". The Direct. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
^Hollywood movie aside, just how good a physicist was Oppenheimer? A-bomb architect "was no Einstein", historian says, but he did Nobel-level work on black holes, Adrian Cho interviewing David C. Cassidy, Science (journal), 2023-07-17
^Courant, E. D.; Livingston, M. S.; Snyder, H. S. (1952). "The Strong-Focusing Synchrotron—A New High Energy Accelerator". Physical Review. 88 (5): 1190–1196. Bibcode:1952PhRv...88.1190C. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.88.1190. hdl:2027/mdp.39015086454124.
^Courant, E. D.; Snyder, H. S. (Jan 1958). "Theory of the alternating-gradient synchrotron" (PDF). Annals of Physics. 3 (1): 360–408. Bibcode:2000AnPhy.281..360C. doi:10.1006/aphy.2000.6012.
^"Putting Money Where Their Minds Are; Where Scientists Gather, Wagering Flourishes (Published 1998)". nytimes.com. 25 August 1998. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
Hartland Sweet Snyder (1913, Salt Lake City – 1962) was an American physicist who, together with Robert Oppenheimer, showed how large stars would collapse...
to Robert Oppenheimer, who carried it to HartlandSnyder, who published the first concrete example. Snyder's Lie algebra was made simple by C. N. Yang...
undergo gravitational collapse. In 1939, with another of his students, HartlandSnyder, he went further and predicted the existence of what are today known...
argument. Months later, Oppenheimer and his student HartlandSnyder provided the Oppenheimer–Snyder model in their paper "On Continued Gravitational Contraction"...
independently developed by Ernest Courant, M. Stanley Livingston, HartlandSnyder and J. Blewett at Brookhaven National Laboratory, who later acknowledged...
notable discovery was his 1952 work with Milton S. Livingston and HartlandSnyder on the Strong focusing principle, a critical step in the development...
acceptance. The first paper on the subject was published in 1947 by HartlandSnyder. The success of the renormalization method resulted in little attention...
Willem de Sitter (de Sitter space, de Sitter precession), HartlandSnyder (Oppenheimer–Snyder model), Hans Stephani (Stephani dust solution, monograph...
George Volkoff, he calculates the structure of neutron stars. With HartlandSnyder, he predicts the existence of what will come to be called black holes...
as a group (Goldhaber-Teller model). He made a well-known bet with HartlandSnyder in about 1955 that anti-protons could not exist; when he lost the bet...
solar masses) has no stable solutions 1939 — Robert Oppenheimer and HartlandSnyder calculate the gravitational collapse of a pressure-free homogeneous...
by J. Robert Oppenheimer and his student HartlandSnyder is published, with the included Oppenheimer–Snyder model proving for the first time in contemporary...
War II. 1939 – J. Robert Oppenheimer and his student HartlandSnyder publish the Oppenheimer–Snyder model, proving for the first time in contemporary physics...
Procedures in Quantum Electrodynamics" in 1951 under the guidance of HartlandSnyder. He became a staff member of the Los Alamos Laboratory in August 1951...
Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit. 1939 – J. Robert Oppenheimer and HartlandSnyder publish the Oppenheimer-Snyder model for the continued gravitational contraction of...
Ocean Avenue Entertainment Release dates October 20, 2013 (2013-10-20) (Hartland Film Festival) October 24, 2014 (2014-10-24) (United States) Running time...
domestics, attempting to prevent a politically motivated assassination. 45 3 "Hartland Express" Dennis Donnelly Ross Teel November 3, 1981 (1981-11-03) An air...
Assembly District". WisPolitics. March 14, 2024. Retrieved April 9, 2024. "Hartland village president announces Assembly run". Waukesha County:The Freeman...
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