Scanning electron microscopy of Protopolystoma xenopodis, a polyopisthocotylean monogenean. Haptor, Ha.[1]Silhouettes of bodies of polyopisthocotylean monogeneans. The haptor is the posterior part of the body (at the bottom of each silhouette)[2]Body of a monopisthocotylean monogenean. The haptor is the posterior part of the body (bottom, after the slender part)
The haptor is the attachment organ of the monogeneans, a group of parasitic Platyhelminthes.
The haptor is sometimes called opisthaptor (from opistho-: behind) to emphasize that it is located in the posterior part of the body, and to differentiate it from the prohaptor (from pro-: in front), a structure including glands located at the anterior part of the body.
According to Yamaguti (1963),[3] the chief adhesive organ of the monogeneans, the haptor, is posterior, more or less discoid, muscular, may be divided into alveoli or loculi, is usually provided with anchors, has nearly always marginal larval hooklets, or is in a reduced form with anchors. The haptor may consist of symmetrical or asymmetrical, sessile or pedunculate, muscular suckers or clamps with or without supporting sclerites; accessory adhesive organs may be present in form of armed plaques, lappets or appendices.
The structure of the haptor is different in the two major groups constituting the Monogenea, namely the Polyopisthocotylea and the Monopisthocotylea, and is an important part of the diagnosis in both groups.
In the Polyopisthocotylea, the haptor usually bears several clamps or suckers, and is often asymmetrical.[4]
In the Monopisthocotylea, the haptor comprises a single, symmetrical attachment unit, and has never haptoral clamps.[5] In the family Diplectanidae, the haptor bears special structures (one ventral and one dorsal) called squamodiscs or lamellodiscs.
^Theunissen, Maxine; Tiedt, Louwrens; Du Preez, Louis H. (2014). "The morphology and attachment of Protopolystoma xenopodis (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) infecting the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis". Parasite. 21: 20. doi:10.1051/parasite/2014020. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4018937. PMID 24823278.
^Justine JL, Rahmouni C, Gey D, Schoelinck C, Hoberg EP (2013). "The Monogenean which lost its clamps". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e79155. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...879155J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079155. PMC 3838368. PMID 24278118.
^Yamaguti, S. (1963). Systema Helminthum Volume IV Monogenea and Aspidocotylea. Interscience, a division of John Wiley & Sons, New York & London. 699 pages; definition of haptor, page 3.
^Hayward, C. (2005). Monogenea Polyopisthocotylea (ectoparasitic flukes). In K. Rohde (Ed.), Marine Parasitology (pp. 55-63): CSIRO, Collingwood, Australia & CABI, Oxon, UK.
^Whittington, I. D. (2005). Monogenea Monopisthocotylea (ectoparasitic flukes). In K. Rohde (Ed.), Marine Parasitology (pp. 63-72): CSIRO, Collingwood, Australia & CABI, Oxon, UK.
The haptor is the attachment organ of the monogeneans, a group of parasitic Platyhelminthes. The haptor is sometimes called opisthaptor (from opistho-:...
subclasses based on the complexity of their haptor: the Monopisthocotylea have one main part to the haptor, often with hooks or a large attachment disc...
transverse bars of the haptor have concave and convex surfaces with ribs on the concave surface. The dorsal bar of the haptor bears fenestrations at the...
anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is triangular, subsymmetrical or symmetrical, and bears 54–102 clamps...
part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The tapering haptor is 0.12 mm long, and bears about 175 clamps similar in shape...
part called the haptor. The haptor is asymmetrical, and bears 20-64 clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal...
anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is fan-shaped and asymmetrical, inclined to the body but separated...
part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, and bears clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal...
the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, bears clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side (40-49 clamps on each side). The clamps of the haptor attach...
flat body and a posterior haptor, which is the norgan by which the monogenean attaches itself to the gill of is host. The haptor bears two squamodiscs, one...
anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is subsymmetrical or symmetrical, and bears 59–126 clamps, arranged...
flat body and a posterior haptor, which is the organ by which the monogenean attaches itself to the gill of is host. The haptor bears two squamodiscs, one...
anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, nearly perpendicular to the body proper and bears...
part called the haptor. The haptor is asymmetrical, and bears 36 clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal...
anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is subsymmetrical and continuous with body, and bears 20–39 clamps...
anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, not distinctly marked off from body proper and bears...
organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is semicircular, with 15-26 clamps. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the...
part called the haptor. The short haptor is symmetrical, and bears clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal...
is a marine parasite, using its haptor to attach itself to a marine fish host (Přikrylová et al., 2013). Its haptor consists of no dorsal bar, additional...
anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is asymmetrical and bears numerous clamps, arranged as two rows, one...
anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, delimited from the body by a constriction, and bears...
class Monogenea. Members of Prosomicrocotylinae are characterized by their haptor divided into two separate marginal frills, each of which extends along lateral...
part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, and bears clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal...
flat body and a posterior haptor, which is the organ by which the monogenean attaches itself to the gill of is host. The haptor bears two squamodiscs, one...
anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, extending nearly to the level of the genital atrium...
flat body and a posterior haptor, which is the organ by which the monogenean attaches itself to the gill of is host. The haptor bears two squamodiscs, one...
species of Pseudorhabdosynochus in which the haptor bears two squamodiscs, one ventral and one dorsal, the haptor of Pseudorhabdosynochus sinediscus is devoid...
anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, a little longer than the entire length of the body...
part called the haptor. The haptor is delimited from the body by a constriction and bears a single row of clamps. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal...
anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is asymmetrical, bilateral, and bears numerous clamps, arranged as...
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