Halaf culture information

Halaf culture
	; Halaf culture (in green), next to Samarra, Hassuna and Ubaid cultures.
Geographical range	Mesopotamia
Period	Neolithic 3 – Pottery Neolithic (PN)
Dates	c. 6,100–5,100 BC
Type site	Tell Halaf
Major sites	Tell Brak
Preceded by	Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, Yarmukian culture
Followed by	Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period, Hassuna culture, Samarra culture

Tell Halaf

Tell Brak

Tell Sabi Abyad

Tell Arpachiyah

Tepe Gawra

Chagar Bazar

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Map of Iraq showing important sites that were occupied during the Halaf culture (clickable map)

The Halaf culture is a prehistoric period which lasted between about 6100 BC and 5100 BC.^[1] The period is a continuous development out of the earlier Pottery Neolithic and is located primarily in the fertile valley of the Khabur River (Nahr al-Khabur), of south-eastern Turkey, Syria, and northern Iraq, although Halaf-influenced material is found throughout Greater Mesopotamia.

While the period is named after the site of Tell Halaf in north Syria, excavated by Max von Oppenheim between 1911 and 1927, the earliest Halaf period material was excavated by John Garstang in 1908 at the site of Sakce Gözü.^[2] Small amounts of Halaf material were also excavated in 1913 by Leonard Woolley at Carchemish, on the Turkish/Syrian border.^[3] However, the most important site for the Halaf tradition was the site of Tell Arpachiyah, now located in the suburbs of Mosul, Iraq.^[4]

The Halaf period was succeeded by the Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period, which comprised the late Halaf (c. 5400–5000 BC), and then by the Ubaid period.

^ Mario Liverani (2013). The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy. p. 48. ISBN 9781134750849.
^ Castro Gessner, G. 2011. "A Brief Overview of the Halaf Tradition" in Steadman, S and McMahon, G (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Ancient anatolia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 780
^ Castro Gessner, G. 2011. "A Brief Overview of the Halaf Tradition" in Steadman, S and McMahon, G (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Ancient anatolia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 781
^ Campbell, S. 2000. "The Burnt House at Arpachiyah: A Reexamination" Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research no. 318. p. 1

[mario-1] Mario Liverani (2013). The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy. p. 48. ISBN 9781134750849.

[2] Castro Gessner, G. 2011. "A Brief Overview of the Halaf Tradition" in Steadman, S and McMahon, G (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Ancient anatolia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 780

[3] Castro Gessner, G. 2011. "A Brief Overview of the Halaf Tradition" in Steadman, S and McMahon, G (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Ancient anatolia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 781

[4] Campbell, S. 2000. "The Burnt House at Arpachiyah: A Reexamination" Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research no. 318. p. 1

Halaf culture information

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Halaf culture

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Babylonia

Halaf culture (in green), next to Samarra, Hassuna and Ubaid cultures.
Geographical range	Mesopotamia
Period	Neolithic 3 – Pottery Neolithic (PN)
Dates	c. 6,100–5,100 BC
Type site	Tell Halaf
Major sites	Tell Brak
Preceded by	Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, Yarmukian culture
Followed by	Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period, Hassuna culture, Samarra culture

The Neolithic
↑ Mesolithic
Neolithic cultures Fertile Crescent Heavy Neolithic Shepherd Neolithic Trihedral Neolithic Pre-Pottery (A, B) Qaraoun culture Tahunian culture Yarmukian culture Halaf culture Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period Ubaid culture Nile valley Faiyum A culture Tasian culture Merimde culture El Omari culture Maadi culture Badarian culture Amratian culture Europe Arzachena culture Boian culture Butmir culture Cardium pottery culture Cernavodă culture Coțofeni culture Cucuteni–Trypillia culture Danilo culture Dudești culture Gorneşti culture Gumelnița–Karanovo culture Hamangia culture Kakanj culture Khirokitia Linear Pottery culture Malta Temples Ozieri culture Petreşti culture San Ciriaco culture Shulaveri–Shomu culture Sesklo culture Sopot culture Tisza culture Tiszapolgár culture Usatovo culture Varna culture Vinča culture Vučedol culture Neolithic Transylvania Neolithic Southeastern Europe China Peiligang culture Pengtoushan culture Beixin culture Cishan culture Dadiwan culture Houli culture Xinglongwa culture Xinle culture Zhaobaogou culture Hemudu culture Daxi culture Majiabang culture Yangshao culture Hongshan culture Dawenkou culture Songze culture Liangzhu culture Majiayao culture Qujialing culture Longshan culture Baodun culture Shijiahe culture Yueshi culture Neolithic Tibet South Asia Lahuradewa Mehrgarh Marine archaeology in the Gulf of Cambay Bhirrana Rakhigarhi Kalibangan Chopani Mando Jhukar Daimabad Chirand Koldihwa Burzahom Mundigak Brahmagiri Other locations Khiamian culture Jeulmun pottery period Jōmon period Philippine jade culture Capsian culture Savanna Pastoral Neolithic
Neolithic topics Neolithic Revolution (farming) Animal husbandry Pottery Metallurgy Wheel Circular ditches Henges Megaliths Neolithic religion Neolithic decline
↓ Chalcolithic
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