For the punk rock band, see Hagfish (band). For the album, see Hagfish (album).
Not to be confused with Hogfish.
Family of eel-shaped, slime-producing animal
Hagfish
Temporal range: Late Carboniferous–Recent
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Sixgill hagfish, Eptatretus hexatrema
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Infraphylum:
Agnatha
Superclass:
Cyclostomi
Class:
Myxini
Order:
Myxiniformes
Family:
Myxinidae Rafinesque, 1815
Type species
Myxine glutinosa
Linnaeus, 1758
Genera[1]
Order Myxiniformes
† Myxinikela Bardack, 1991
Family Myxinidae
† Tethymyxine Miyashita et al., 2019
Rubicundinae Fernholm et al., 2013
Rubicundus Fernholm et al., 2013
Eptatretinae Bonaparte, 1850
Eptatretus Cloquet, 1819
Myxininae Nelson, 1976
Myxine Linnaeus, 1758
Nemamyxine Richardson, 1958
Neomyxine Richardson, 1953
Notomyxine Nani & Gneri, 1951
Synonyms
Bdellostomatidae Gill, 1872
Homeidae Garman, 1899
Paramyxinidae Berg, 1940
Diporobranchia Latreille, 1825[2]
Hagfish, of the class Myxini/mɪkˈsaɪnaɪ/ (also known as Hyperotreti) and order Myxiniformes/mɪkˈsɪnɪfɔːrmiːz/, are eel-shaped jawless fish (occasionally called slime eels). Hagfish are the only known living animals that have a skull but no vertebral column, although they do have rudimentary vertebrae.[3] Hagfish are marine predators and scavengers who can defend themselves against other larger predators by releasing copious amounts of slime from mucous glands in their skin.[4]
Although their exact relationship to the only other living group of jawless fish, the lampreys, was long the subject of controversy, genetic evidence suggests that hagfish and lampreys are more closely related to each other than to jawed vertebrates, thus forming the clade Cyclostomi.[5] The oldest-known stem group hagfish are known from the Late Carboniferous, around 310 million years ago,[6] with modern representatives first being recorded in the mid-Cretaceous around 100 million years ago.[5]
^Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118342336.
^van der Laan, Richard; Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ronald (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. ISSN 1175-5326. PMID 25543675. S2CID 31014657.
^Reece, Jane (2014). Campbell Biology. Boston: Pearson. p. 717. ISBN 978-0321775658.
^Zeng, Yu; Plachetzki, David C; Nieders, Kristen; Campbell, Hannah; Cartee, Marissa; Pankey, M Sabrina; Guillen, Kennedy; Fudge, Douglas (2023-03-10). "Epidermal threads reveal the origin of hagfish slime". eLife. 12. doi:10.7554/eLife.81405. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 10005773. PMID 36897815.
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Hagfish, of the class Myxini /mɪkˈsaɪnaɪ/ (also known as Hyperotreti) and order Myxiniformes /mɪkˈsɪnɪfɔːrmiːz/, are eel-shaped jawless fish (occasionally...
The Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) is a species of hagfish. It lives in the mesopelagic to abyssal Pacific Ocean, near the ocean floor. It is a jawless...
groups still survive today: the lampreys and the hagfish, comprising about 120 species in total. Hagfish are considered members of the subphylum Vertebrata...
Atlantic hagfish in North America, and often simply as the hagfish in Europe, is a species of jawless fish of the genus Myxine. The Atlantic hagfish may grow...
The inshore hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) is a hagfish found in the Northwest Pacific, from the Sea of Japan and across eastern Japan to Taiwan. It has...
Agnatha or jawless fish, which include: †Conodonta †Ostracodermi Cyclostomi (hagfish and lampreys) Gnathostomata or jawed vertebrates, which include: †Placodermi...
genus of hagfish. There are currently 49 recognized species in this genus: Eptatretus aceroi Polanco Fernández & Fernholm, 2014 (Acero's hagfish) Eptatretus...
Myxine capensis, the Cape hagfish, is a species of jawless fish in the family Myxinidae. It inhabits muddy bottoms on the continental shelf off the coast...
The broadgilled hagfish or New Zealand hagfish (Eptatretus cirrhatus), also known by its Māori language name tuere, is a hagfish found around New Zealand...
Myxine /mɪkˈsaɪniː/ is a genus of hagfish, from the Greek μυξῖνος (myxinos, "slimy"). It is the type genus of the class Myxini. In 2021, three new species...
Nemamyxine elongata, the bootlace hagfish, is a species of hagfish in the genus Nemamyxine. Distribution, abundance, and natural history are not known...
Myxine circifrons, the whiteface hagfish, is a marine bathydemersal species of fish in the family Myxinidae. It is found off Southern California, Peru...
The southern hagfish (Myxine australis) is a hagfish of the genus Myxine. It is a harmless scaleless, eel-like animal with a pinkish body, a whitish head...
Rubicundus lakeside, the Lakeside hagfish, is a species of jawless fish in the family Myxinidae. It was originally classified in the genus Eptatretus...
Eptatretus deani, the black hagfish, is a species of hagfish. Common to other species of hagfish, their unusual feeding habits and slime-producing capabilities...
Rubicundus lopheliae, the lophelia hagfish, is a species of jawless fish in the family Myxinidae. It was originally classified in the genus Eptatretus...
lampreys are more closely related to gnathostomes than they are to the hagfish. The "cyclostome hypothesis", on the other hand, holds that lampreys and...
Eptatretus polytrema, the fourteen-gill hagfish or Chilean hagfish, is a demersal and non-migratory hagfish of the genus Eptatretus. It is found in muddy...
Nemamyxine kreffti, also known as Krefft's hagfish, is a species of fish in the hagfish family Myxinidae. It is found in the south-western Atlantic Ocean...
species of bony fish, over 1,100 species of cartilaginous fish, and over 100 hagfish and lampreys. A third of these fall within the nine largest families; from...
Strickrott's hagfish, is a hagfish of the genus Eptatretus, found in the depths of the Pacific Ocean south of Easter Island. The hagfish was found in...
Myxine limosa, or Girard's Atlantic hagfish, is a jawless fish in the genus Myxine. The eellike species grows up to 79 centimetres (31 in) long. The color...
Eptatretus springeri, the Gulf hagfish, is a bathydemersal vertebrate which lives primarily in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. It has been observed feeding...
Nemamyxine is a genus of hagfish. Two recognized species are placed in this genus: Nemamyxine elongata L. R. Richardson, 1958 (bootlace hagfish) Nemamyxine kreffti...
Neomyxine is a genus of hagfish found in the Pacific Ocean around New Zealand. Two species in this genus are recognized: Neomyxine biniplicata (L. R....
Myxine affinis, the Patagonian hagfish, is a species of jawless fish in the family Myxinidae. It inhabits relatively shallow waters off the coast of Tierra...
absent in protochordates in which there is a simple pineal homologue. The hagfish, considered as a primitive vertebrate, has a rudimentary structure regarded...
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