Lymphoid organ similar to the spleen and lymph nodes
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Hemal nodes (haemel nodes in British English), also known as hemolymph nodes (haemolymph nodes) or splenolymph nodes, are lymphoid organs found in various mammals (especially prominent in ruminants)[1] and some birds.[2] Hemal nodes were first described by Gibbes in 1884.[3] Hemal nodes appear similar to lymph nodes in the structure of its lymphoid follicles and to the spleen in the structure in its lymphoid cords.[4] It is presumed to have the same function as the spleen.[5]
^"THE HEMAL NODES". Journal of the American Medical Association. 131 (9): 744. 29 June 1946. doi:10.1001/jama.1946.02870260028009.
^Zidan, M.; Pabst, R. (2004). "Histological, Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study of the Haemal Nodes of the Dromedary Camel". Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 33 (5): 284–9. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00550.x. PMID 15352881. S2CID 34831428.
^Turner, DR (1971). "Immunological competence of the hemal node". Journal of Anatomy. 110 (1): 17–24. PMC 1271025. PMID 4110862.
^Huang, Y; Cui, Y; Yu, S; He, J; He, Y; Zhang, Q; Liu, P; Pu, Y; Sun, J; Kang, X (March 2019). "Comparison of histological characteristics and expression of CD3 and CD79a among the hemal nodes, lymph nodes and spleens of yaks (Bos grunniens)". Histology and Histopathology. 34 (3): 241–256. doi:10.14670/HH-18-030. PMID 30024020.
^Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 410–1. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.
(2004). "Histological, Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study of the HaemalNodes of the Dromedary Camel". Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 33 (5): 284–9...
middle-aged adults. Many mammals have tiny spleen-like structures known as haemalnodes throughout the body that are presumed to have the same function as the...
extending from the top of the centrum is called a neural arch, while the haemal arch or chevron is found underneath the centrum in the caudal vertebrae...
as they are wide, gradually decreasing in length. Large facets for the haemal arches, or chevrons, are present on the anterior caudal vertebrae. The animal's...
be located close to the body, lightening the neck. chevron Chevrons, or haemal arches, are bones attached to the underside of caudal vertebrae, forming...
juvenile adelogyrinid having at least 70. Most of these vertebrae lack haemal spines, indicating that the primary elongation took place in the body rather...
part of the spine. The few tail vertebrae that are preserved also possess haemal arches, loosely-attached spiny structures jutting out the bottom of the...