Several terms redirect here.For other mushroom species sometimes referred to as "lorchels" or "false morels", see false morel.
Gyromitra esculenta
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Pezizomycetes
Order:
Pezizales
Family:
Discinaceae
Genus:
Gyromitra
Species:
G. esculenta
Binomial name
Gyromitra esculenta
(Pers. ex Pers.) Fr. (1849)
Synonyms[1]
Helvella esculenta Pers. (1800)
Physomitra esculenta (Pers.) Boud. (1907)
Species of fungus
Gyromitra esculenta
Mycological characteristics
Smooth hymenium
Cap is convex
Hymenium attachment is not applicable
Stipe is bare
Spore print is yellow
to buff
Ecology is saprotrophic
or mycorrhizal
Edibility is deadly
or choice
Gyromitra esculenta/ˌdʒaɪroʊˈmaɪtrəˌɛskjəˈlɛntə,ˌdʒɪrə-/[2] is an ascomycete fungus from the genus Gyromitra, widely distributed across Europe and North America. It normally fruits in sandy soils under coniferous trees in spring and early summer. The fruiting body, or mushroom, is an irregular brain-shaped cap dark brown in colour that can reach 10 centimetres (4 inches) high and 15 cm (6 in) wide, perched on a stout white stipe up to 6 cm (2+1⁄2 in) high.
Although potentially fatal if eaten raw (causing restrictions on its sales in some areas), G. esculenta is still commonly parboiled for consumption, being a popular delicacy in Europe and the upper Great Lakes region of North America; evidence suggests that thorough cooking does not eliminate all traces of mycotoxins. When consumed, the principal active mycotoxin, gyromitrin, is hydrolyzed into the toxic compound monomethylhydrazine, which affects the liver, central nervous system, and sometimes the kidneys. Symptoms of poisoning involve vomiting and diarrhea several hours after consumption, followed by dizziness, lethargy and headache. Severe cases may lead to delirium, coma, and death after five to seven days.
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Gyromitraesculenta /ˌdʒaɪroʊˈmaɪtrə ˌɛskjəˈlɛntə, ˌdʒɪrə-/ is an ascomycete fungus from the genus Gyromitra, widely distributed across Europe and North...
Van Vooren (2009) Gyromitra discinoides (S. Imai) S. Imai (1954) Gyromitraesculenta Pers. ex Fr. (1849) – a false morel Gyromitra fluctuans (Nyl.) Harmaja...
are covered with gleba—a slimy, foul-smelling spore mass. See also Gyromitraesculenta, which is similar in appearance but poisonous. The fungus was originally...
and carcinogen present in several members of the fungal genus Gyromitra, like G. esculenta. Its formula is C4H8N2O. It is unstable and is easily hydrolyzed...
pits. Gyromitraesculenta has a cap that is usually reddish-brown in colour, but sometimes also chestnut, purplish-brown, or dark brown. Gyromitra species...
(MMH). Gyromitraesculenta in particular has been reported to be responsible for up to 23% of mushroom fatalities each year in Poland. G. esculenta—regarded...
kg of fresh mushroom (roughly 1,500-fold less compared to that of Gyromitraesculenta). Though no casualties have been ascribed to its consumption, parboiling...
active mycotoxin found in mushrooms of the genus Gyromitra, especially the false morel (Gyromitraesculenta). In these cases, MMH is formed by the hydrolysis...
morels, including Gyromitraesculenta. The morel must be cooked before eating. Morchella conica var. deliciosa Morchella esculenta var. rotunda Morchella...
based on the type species G. esculenta. Later, in 1886, the French mycologist Lucien Quélet transferred the species to Gyromitra. The next few decades witnessed...
individuals after consuming the false morel species Gyromitraesculenta. The responsible toxin in G. esculenta is gyromitrin; it was suspected that V. bohemica...
Gyromitra caroliniana, known commonly as the Carolina false morel or big red, is an ascomycete fungus of the genus Gyromitra, within the Pezizales group...
most common cause of deadly mushroom poisoning. The false morel (Gyromitraesculenta) is occasionally considered a delicacy when cooked, yet can be highly...
esculentus L edible edible frog, Pelophylax kl. esculentus; Gyromitraesculenta esculentus esculenta esculentum europaeus L European European hedgehog, Erinaceus...
toxicity, and destruction of the blood cells. The Finns consume Gyromitraesculenta after parboiling, but this may not render the mushroom entirely safe...
of fungus in the family Discinaceae, and related to the false morel G. esculenta. The species is found in North America, where it produces fruit bodies...
monomethylhydrazine, a toxic chemical associated with the poisonous false morel Gyromitraesculenta. Though this description was earlier than Scopoli's, it is not valid...
but never robust". Other similar species include H. leucomelaena and Gyromitra perlata. This fungus is widespread in North America and Europe. In North...
safety for eating. Confusion with toxic species of genus Gyromitra, particularly G. esculenta, is rare but not unheard of. Morchella tridentina has a widespread...
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