Gymnostoma deplancheanum, very old specimen, near Prony, New Caledonia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Eudicots
Clade:
Rosids
Order:
Fagales
Family:
Casuarinaceae
Genus:
Gymnostoma L.A.S.Johnson[1][2]
Species
See text
Gymnostoma poissonianum Cultivated, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia. Oct. 2002. Scott Zona from Miami, Florida, USAGymnostoma poissonianum Mt. Dzumac, New Caledonia, Sep 2000. Scott Zona from Miami, Florida, USA
Gymnostoma is a genus of about eighteen species of trees and shrubs, constituting one of the four genera of the plant family Casuarinaceae.[1][2][3][4] The species grow naturally in the tropics, including at high elevations having temperate climates, in forests in the region of the western Pacific Ocean and Malesia. In New Caledonia, published botanical science describes eight species found growing naturally, which botanists have not found anywhere else (endemics).[5] Other species are native to Borneo, Sumatra, Maluku, and New Guinea,[6] and one endemic species each in Fiji and the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia.[7]
The genus was first scientifically described by Lawrie A. S. Johnson in 1980.[1]
Many of the Gymnostoma species combinations of names (binomials) were described by him in 1982.[3]
As of 2013[update], a global total of eighteen species have been found and described.[8][9]
The majority of the species grow in rainforests, in the habitats of open, sunny, long-term gaps, from river bank (riparian) situations through to mountain top situations. In New Caledonia two endemic species G. chamaecyparis and G. deplancheanum have specialised adaptations, growing in wet "shrub maquis and paraforest maquis formations. G. chamaecyparis is associated with hypermagnesian soils (hypermagnesian inceptisol) below 600 m altitude at the base of ultramafic massifs. G. deplancheanum occurs on ferralitic ferritic desaturated hardpan or gravelly soils (oxisol) on the southern massif at altitudes between 200 and 1,000 m".[5]
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^ abCite error: The named reference Johnson1982Casuarinaceae was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Johnson1988Casuarinaceae was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference ORSOM1994LesCasuarinacéesEndémiques was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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^"Gymnostoma L.A.S.Johnson". Atlas of Living Australia.
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^Cite error: The named reference FloraofAustralia was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Gymnostoma is a genus of about eighteen species of trees and shrubs, constituting one of the four genera of the plant family Casuarinaceae. The species...
Gymnostoma australianum, commonly known as the Daintree pine or Daintree oak, is a species of small tree which is endemic to a restricted area of the Daintree...
Gymnostoma nobile is a species of tree endemic to northern Borneo. Gymnostoma nobile is native to heath forests, also known as kerangas forests, which...
Gymnostoma sumatranum is a tree in the she-oak family, Casuarinaceae, native to Southeast Asia and the Malesia region. According to Plants of the World...
Caledonia) In 1982, Lawrence Johnson raised the genera Allocasuarina and Gymnostoma in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, and transferred some species...
separated out many of those species and renamed them into the new genera of Gymnostoma in 1980 and 1982, Allocasuarina in 1982, and Ceuthostoma in 1988, with...
developed unconventional ways to get their nutrients. Some tree species (Gymnostoma nobile, for example) utilise rhizobia (nitrogen fixing bacteria) in their...
moluccana, Ficus theophrastoides, the conifers Podocarpus neriifolius and Gymnostoma vitiense, the cycad Cycas seemannii and groves of bamboo (Bambusa spp...
Casuarinaceae". Telopea. (Online page archive version, link via APNI Gymnostoma ref's). 2 (1): 83–84. doi:10.7751/telopea19804114. Archived from the original...
formerly thought to be Miocene in age. Three described species in the genus Gymnostoma of the family Casuarinaceae, and the species Ceratopetalum edgardoromeroi...
example is the primitive She-oak Gymnostoma australianum. This pine-like tree is the only remaining species in the Gymnostoma group of plants in Australia...
from Andean populations in southern Peru and Bolivia. Species Seemannia gymnostoma (southern Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina) Seemannia nematanthodes (Bolivia...
emergent tree, rising above the forest canopy. It is absent from the Gymnostoma nobile-dominated forests which grow on the most nutrient-scarce ultramafic...
kalap jm Dacrydium novo-guineense New Guinea rimu jm, kalap jm, mon jm Gymnostoma papuanum jmad green tree python jnal, pkay, wsnaŋ Alphitonia spp. jobol...
S2CID 258682604. Whang, S. S.; Hill, K. E.; Hill, R. S. (2023). "A new species of Gymnostoma (Casuarinaceae) present during the Neogene aridification of Southern Australia"...
Mitt. U. gigantospora F. Lara, Caparrós & Garilleti U. glabella Mitt. U. gymnostoma Guo, Enroth & Virtanen U. hutchinsiae var. hutchinsiae]] (Sm.) Hammar...
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