Illuminated Guru Granth Sahib folio with nisan (Mul Mantar) in the penmanship of Guru Gobind Singh
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The Guru Granth Sahib (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, pronounced[ɡʊɾuːɡɾənt̪ʰᵊsäː(ɦ)(ɪ)bᵊ(˦)]) is the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign and eternal Guru following the lineage of the ten human gurus of the religion. The Adi Granth (Punjabi: ਆਦਿ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ), its first rendition, was compiled by the fifth guru, Guru Arjan (1564–1606). Its compilation was completed on 29 August 1604 and first installed inside the Golden Temple in Amritsar on 1 September 1604.[3] Baba Buddha was appointed the first Granthi of the Golden Temple. Shortly afterwards Guru Hargobind added Ramkali Ki Vaar. Later, Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh guru, added hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur to the Adi Granth and affirmed the text as his successor.[4] This second rendition became known as the Guru Granth Sahib and is also sometimes referred to as the Adi Granth.[5][6]
The text consists of 1,430 angs (pages) and 5,894 shabads (line compositions), which are poetically rendered and set to a rhythmic ancient north Indian classical form of music.[7] The bulk of the scripture is divided into 31 main rāgas, with each Granth rāga subdivided according to length and author. The hymns in the scripture are arranged primarily by the rāgas in which they are read.[8] The Guru Granth Sahib is written in the Gurmukhi script in various languages including Punjabi, Lahnda, regional Prakrits, Apabhramsa, Sanskrit, Hindi languages (Braj Bhasha, Bangru, Awadhi, Old Hindi), Bhojpuri, Sindhi, Marathi, Marwari, Bengali, Persian and Arabic. Copies in these languages often have the generic title of Sant Bhasha.[9]
The Guru Granth Sahib was composed predominantly by six Sikh gurus: Guru Nanak, Guru Angad, Guru Amar Das, Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan and Guru Tegh Bahadur. It also contains the traditions and teachings of fourteen Hindu Bhakti movement sants (saints), such as Ramananda, Kabir and Namdev among others, and one Muslim Sufi saint: Sheikh Farid.[10][11]
The vision in the Guru Granth Sahib is of a society based on divine freedom, mercy, love, belief in one god and justice without oppression of any kind.[12][13] While the Granth acknowledges and respects the scriptures of Hinduism and Islam, it does not imply a moral reconciliation with either of these religions.[14] It is installed in a Sikh gurdwara (temple). A Sikh typically prostrates before it on entering such a temple.[15] The Granth is revered as eternal gurbānī and the spiritual authority in Sikhism.[16]
^Songs of the Saints from the Adi Granth By Nirmal Dass. Published by SUNY Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-7914-4683-6. p. 13. "Any attempt at translating songs from the Adi Granth certainly involves working not with one language, but several, along with dialectical differences. The languages used by the saints range from Sanskrit; regional Prakrits; western, eastern and southern Apabhramsa; and Sahaskrit. More particularly, we find sant bhasha, Marathi, Old Hindi, central and Lehndi Panjabi, Sindhi and Persian. There are also many dialects deployed, such as Purbi Marwari, Bangru, Dakhni, Malwai, and Awadhi."
^Sikhism. The Guru Granth Sahib (GGS) By Harjinder Singh. "The Guru Granth Sahib also contains hymns which are written in a language known as Sahiskriti as well as Sant Bhasha, it also contains many Persian and Sanskrit words throughout."
^Jhutti-Johal, Jagbir (2011). Sikhism Today. A&C Black. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-4411-7001-9.
^Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2005). Introduction to World Religions. p. 223.
^Kapoor, Sukhbir (2002). Guru Granth Sahib: An Advance Study. Hemkunt Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-8170103219.
^Adi Granth, Encyclopaedia Britannica
^Anna S. King and JL Brockington (2005), The Intimate Other: Love Divine in Indic Religions, Orient Blackswan, ISBN 978-8125028017, pp. 359–361
^Christopher Shackle and Arvind Mandair (2005), Teachings of the Sikh Gurus, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415266048, pp. xvii–xx
^Harnik Deol, Religion and Nationalism in India. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 978-0415201087. p. 22. "(...) the compositions in the Sikh holy book, Adi Granth, are a melange of various dialects, often coalesced under the generic title of Sant Bhasha." The Making of Sikh Scripture by Gurinder Singh Mann. Published by Oxford University Press US, 2001. ISBN 978-0-19-513024-9 p. 5. "The language of the hymns recorded in the Adi Granth has been called Sant Bhasha, a kind of lingua franca used by the medieval saint-poets of northern India. But the broad range of contributors to the text produced a complex mix of regional dialects." Surindar Singh Kohli, History of Punjabi Literature. p. 48. National Book, 1993. ISBN 978-81-7116-141-6. "When we go through the hymns and compositions of the Guru written in Sant Bhasha (saint-language), it appears that some Indian saint of 16th century...." Nirmal Dass, Songs of the Saints from the Adi Granth. SUNY Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-7914-4683-6. p. 13. "Any attempt at translating songs from the Adi Granth certainly involves working not with one language, but several, along with dialectical differences. The languages used by the saints range from Sanskrit; regional Prakrits; western, eastern and southern Apabhramsa; and Sahiskriti. More particularly, we find sant bhasha, Marathi, Old Hindi, central and Lehndi Panjabi, Sgettland Persian. There are also many dialects deployed, such as Purbi Marwari, Bangru, Dakhni, Malwai, and Awadhi."
^Shapiro, Michael C.; Dass, Nirmal (2002). "Songs of the Saints, from the Adi Granth". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 122 (4): 924–929. doi:10.2307/3217680. JSTOR 3217680.
^Parrinder, Geoffrey (1971). World Religions: From Ancient History to the Present. United States: Hamlyn. p. 256. ISBN 978-0-87196-129-7.
^Torkel Brekke (2014), Religion, War, and Ethics: A Sourcebook of Textual Traditions (Editors: Gregory M. Reichberg and Henrik Syse), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521450386, pp. 673, 675, 672–686
^Christopher Shackle and Arvind Mandair (2005), Teachings of the Sikh Gurus, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415266048, pp. xxxiv–xli
^William Owen Cole and Piara Singh Sambhi (1995), The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 978-1898723134, pp. 40, 157
^William Owen Cole and Piara Singh Sambhi (1995), The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 978-1898723134, p. 44
^Torkel Brekke (2014), Religion, War, and Ethics: A Sourcebook of Textual Traditions (Editors: Gregory M. Reichberg and Henrik Syse), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521450386, p. 675
The GuruGranthSahib (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, pronounced [ɡʊɾuː ɡɾənt̪ʰᵊ säː(ɦ)(ɪ)bᵊ(˦)]) is the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded...
The GuruGranthSahib (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ; [ɡʊɾuː ɡɾəntʰᵊ saːhɪbᵊ]), is the central religious text of Sikhism, considered by Sikhs to be the final...
scripture of Sikhism, the GuruGranthSahib, with some of the major prayers being the Japji Sahib (jap, 'to recite'; ji and sahib are suffixes signifying...
Japji Sahib (Punjabi: ਜਪੁਜੀ ਸਾਹਿਬ, pronunciation: [d͡ʒəpʊd͡ʒiː sɛː́b]) is the Sikh thesis, that appears at the beginning of the GuruGranthSahib – the...
Adi Granth, or GuruGranthSahib, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and were installed side by side on the same platform. The Dasam Granth lost...
enshrined the GuruGranthSahib as Sikhism's primary holy religious scripture and the eternal Guru. Gobind Singh was the only son of Guru Tegh Bahadur...
holy GuruGranthSahib, the main scripture and living Guru of Sikhism from Ang 262 to Ang 296 (about 35 count). This Gurbani text (writing of the Gurus) was...
Gurdwara Sahib. People from all faiths and religions are welcomed in gurdwaras. Each gurdwara has a Darbar Sahib where the GuruGranthSahib is placed...
the Adi Granth, which later expanded into the GuruGranthSahib. He is regarded as the first of the two Gurus martyred in the Sikh faith. Guru Arjan was...
platform where Guru Gobind Singh Ji would sit while holding his court and installed GuruGranthSahib Ji on it. They called it Takhat Sahib. Guru Gobind Singh...
At this place Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, prepared the full version of the Sikh scriptures called Sri GuruGranthSahib in 1705. The other...
died during his lifetime. Guru Tegh Bahadur, his son from Nanaki, became the ninth Sikh Guru. The Sodhis of Anandpur Sahib are the descendants of Baba...
discourse of the Guru and practice it. The Granth will be your Guru. Those who wish to see me can do so by doing darshan (sight) of the GranthSahib. Whoever...
The GuruGranthSahib, a Sikh religious text, promotes a moral teaching that GuruSahib explains is about living a life of truth, belief in one God (creator...
through the grace of the Guru. — Sri GuruGranthSahib, page 1 Sikhi is monotheistic and believes that there is only One God. Guru Nanak, the founder of...
(1666–1708), named the Sikh scripture GuruGranthSahib as his successor, bringing to a close the line of human gurus and establishing the scripture as the...
the Adi Granth (First Scripture), more commonly called the GuruGranthSahib. The second most important scripture of the Sikhs is the Dasam Granth. Both...
line of human Gurus. Installed as the GuruGranthSahib, it is now the central holy scripture of Sikhism, and the eternal living Guru of all Sikhs. It...
holy Sikh scripture, GuruGranthSahib, which is now considered the living Guru by the followers of the Sikh faith. Guru (/ˈɡuːruː/, UK also /ˈɡʊruː, ˈɡʊər-/;...
spiritual scholar and a poet whose 115 hymns are included in the GuruGranthSahib, which is the main text of Sikhism. Tegh Bahadur was executed on the...
authorship to Guru Gobind Singh. Nihang Sikhs place the Sarbloh Granth on the left-side of the GuruGranthSahib (with the Dasam Granth being placed on...
Ravidas's devotional verses were included in the Sikh scriptures known as GuruGranthSahib. The Panch Vani text of the Dadu Panthi tradition within Hinduism...
GuruGranthSahib desecration (also known as the 2015 Sri GuruGranthSahib sacrilege) refers to a series of desecration incidents of the Sikh Guru Guru...
Sahib composition of Guru Amar Das, printed on pages 917 to 922 of the Adi Granth and set to the "Ramkali" raga. Guru Amar Das's entire Anand Sahib composition...
procession carrying the Sikh flag, known as the Nishan Sahib and the Palki (Palanquin) of GuruGranthSahib. They are followed by teams of singers singing hymns...
prosody in India. The Guru GranthSahib starts with Japji Sahib, while Dasam Granth starts with Jaap Sahib also called Japu Sahib. Guru Nanak is credited with...
Gurmukhi inscription handwritten by Guru Angad Dev India portal Punjab portal GuruGranthSahib List of places named after Guru Angad Dev H. S. Singha (2000)...