In linguistics, the Gunning fog index is a readability test for English writing. The index estimates the years of formal education a person needs to understand the text on the first reading. For instance, a fog index of 12 requires the reading level of a United States high school senior (around 18 years old). The test was developed in 1952 by Robert Gunning, an American businessman who had been involved in newspaper and textbook publishing.[1]
The fog index is commonly used to confirm that text can be read easily by the intended audience. Texts for a wide audience generally need a fog index less than 12. Texts requiring near-universal understanding generally need an index less than 8.
Fog Index
Reading level by grade
17
College graduate
16
College senior
15
College junior
14
College sophomore
13
College freshman
12
High school senior
11
High school junior
10
High school sophomore
9
High school freshman
8
Eighth grade
7
Seventh grade
6
Sixth grade
^DuBay, William H. (23 March 2004). "Judges Scold Lawyers for Bad Writing". Plain Language at Work Newsletter (8). Impact Information. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
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