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Gum copal is a resin produced by the sap of forest tree in the genus Daniellia.[citation needed] Due to common impurities and differences in regions, gum copal ranges in color from black to yellow to white. Gum copal, along with ivory and slaves, was a significant export from East Africa in the 19th century.[1] It can have an appearance similar to amber and may be mistaken for it. Unlike amber, gum copal is usually only 100–1,000 years old and it has not yet fossilized.[2]
^Galbraith: Mackinnon and east Africa, Cambridge, 1972
^Aber, Susan Ward, "Copal: An Immature and Controversial Resin". Emporia State University, 16 January 2004.
Gumcopal is a resin produced by the sap of forest tree in the genus Daniellia.[citation needed] Due to common impurities and differences in regions,...
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Balm of Gilead, balsam, Canada balsam, copal from trees of Protium copal and Hymenaea courbaril, dammar gum from trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae...
as the "jatobá", "courbaril", "West Indian locust", "Brazilian copal", and "amami-gum",. Although it is sometimes referred to as "Brazilian cherry" and...
material. Kauri gum was used commercially in varnish, and can be considered a type of copal (the name given to resin used in such a way). Kauri gum was particularly...
function as carbonate stabilizer. Binders. Often gums and resins, e.g. gum arabic, red gum, guar gum, copal, carboxymethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, rice...
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crops. West African countries depend on cash crop exports. Products like gum, copal, rubber, cola nuts, and palm oil are an important source of steady income...
Later exports included copra made from the coconut palm, guinea grains, gumcopal, camwood and sesame (benne). The earliest incarnation of Lagos was an...
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various small figures of gold and silver, and placed in a chair made of gumcopal and other aromatic substances, where it remained for five days. After...
Mpongwe trade consisted of slaves, dyewood, ebony, rubber, ivory, and gumcopal in exchange for cloth, iron, firearms, and various forms of alcoholic...
production of rice and sugar cane as well as the export of ivory and gumcopal. Such was his enterprise and commercial skill that it could probably be...
significant wealth trading such goods as palm oil, ivory, kola nuts, egusi, gumcopal, hides and clothes, and built a pious reputation. Shitta also expanded...
Nepheline basalts and liparites occur at Dombe Grande. The presence of gumcopal in considerable quantities in the superficial rocks is characteristic...
ivory, coir and a resin referred to as 'breu' and which is assumed to be gumcopal. They also held monopolies in the import of Indian cotton goods and it...
port in the 19th century, when it participated in the trades of ivory, gumcopal, and slaves for the Indian Ocean plantation system. It served as the starting...
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commonly known as the African copaiba balsam tree, or the West African copal tree. Daniellia oliveri is a medium-sized, deciduous tree growing to a height...
track aimed at fellow YouTube personality RiceGum, the subject of an episode of iDubbbz's Content Cop series. The single was released for digital download...
other goods from as far away as the Great Lakes region, including ivory, gumcopal, rubber, and many other goods. The porters brought these with them back...
as: pure resins (guaiac, hashish), gum-resins (containing gums/polysaccharides), oleo-gum-resins (a mixture of gums, resins and essential oils), oleo-resins...
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