Gradual typing is a type system in which some variables and expressions may be given types and the correctness of the typing is checked at compile time (which is static typing) and some expressions may be left untyped and eventual type errors are reported at runtime (which is dynamic typing). Gradual typing allows software developers to choose either type paradigm as appropriate, from within a single language.[1] In many cases gradual typing is added to an existing dynamic language,[2] creating a derived language allowing but not requiring static typing to be used. In some cases a language uses gradual typing from the start.
^Siek, Jeremy (24 March 2014). "What is gradual typing?".
^Bracha, Gilad (2004). "Pluggable Type Systems". OOPSLA'04 Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages.
Gradualtyping is a type system in which some variables and expressions may be given types and the correctness of the typing is checked at compile time...
dynamic typing). This allows software developers to choose either type paradigm as appropriate, from within a single language. Gradualtyping uses a special...
optional static typing (also known as gradualtyping) that enables static language analysis to facilitate tooling and IDE support. TypeScript adds support...
tenet assuming that change comes about gradually or that variation is gradual in nature and happens over time as opposed to in large steps. Uniformitarianism...
inheritance). With duck typing, an object is of a given type if it has all methods and properties required by that type. Duck typing may be viewed as a usage-based...
The gradual (Latin: graduale or responsorium graduale) is a certain chant or hymn in liturgical Christian worship. It is practiced in the Catholic Mass...
Touch typing (also called blind typing, or touch keyboarding) is a style of typing. Although the phrase refers to typing without using the sense of sight...
"strong typing" and "weak typing" in favor of specific expressions such as "type safety". Generally, a strongly typed language has stricter typing rules...
member lookup) Optionally, typing can be explicitly implied by the first letter of the identifier (known as implicit typing within the Fortran community)...
store integers then its type must be declared as integer. The term "manifest typing" is often used with the term latent typing to describe the difference...
permitted. Nominal typing is useful at preventing accidental type equivalence, which allows better type-safety than structural typing. The cost is a reduced...
as read/write and use the given keyword. The type annotations are optional, but the native gradualtyping makes it much safer to write directly to public...
programmers to use both dynamic typing and static typing (a concept also known as gradualtyping), and allows types to be specified for function arguments...
TwoTypes; D1, D2: DualTypes; Under strict typing, a variable defined as TwoTypes is not compatible with DualTypes (because they are not identical, even though...
The Roman Gradual (Latin: Graduale Romanum) is an official liturgical book of the Roman Rite of the Roman Catholic Church containing chants, including...
closed abstractions. A pitfall of structural typing versus nominative typing is that two separately defined types intended for different purposes, but accidentally...
referential transparency. Unique types can also be used to integrate functional and imperative programming. Uniqueness typing is best explained using an example...
This typically requires run-time type checking and so is commonly used synonymously with dynamic typing. Duck typing Allen B. Tucker (28 June 2004). Computer...
"Vale's Vision". Retrieved 6 December 2023. Higher RAII, a form of linear typing that enables destructors with parameters and returns. "Go by Example: Defer"...
constructs like type-based overloading are disallowed. In practice, pluggable type systems are variously called optional typing, type hinting, type annotations...
called type reconstruction.: 320 If a term is well-typed in accordance with Hindley-Milner typing rules, then the rules generate a principal typing for...
dependent type is a type whose definition depends on a value. It is an overlapping feature of type theory and type systems. In intuitionistic type theory...
web programming techniques, higher-order contracts with blame, and static typing for dynamic languages. In 2018, Felleisen received the ACM SIGPLAN's Programming...
In type theory, a refinement type is a type endowed with a predicate which is assumed to hold for any element of the refined type. Refinement types can...