Copolymer in which the transition between different types of monomer is gradual
Figure 1: Example of a (a) diblock copolymer, (b) gradient copolymer and (c) random copolymer
In polymer chemistry, gradient copolymers are copolymers in which the change in monomer composition is gradual from predominantly one species to predominantly the other,[1] unlike with block copolymers, which have an abrupt change in composition,[2][3] and random copolymers, which have no continuous change in composition (see Figure 1).[4][5]
In the gradient copolymer, as a result of the gradual compositional change along the length of the polymer chain less intrachain and interchain repulsion are observed.[6]
The development of controlled radical polymerization as a synthetic methodology in the 1990s allowed for increased study of the concepts and properties of gradient copolymers because the synthesis of this group of novel polymers was now straightforward.
Due to the similar properties of gradient copolymers to that of block copolymers, they have been considered as a cost-effective alternative in applications for other preexisting copolymers.[6]
^Kryszewski, M (1998). "Gradient Polymers and Copolymers". Polymers for Advanced Technologies. 9 (4): 224–259. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1581(199804)9:4<244::AID-PAT748>3.0.CO;2-J. ISSN 1042-7147.
^Muzammil, Iqbal; Li, Yupeng; Lei, Mingkai (2017). "Tunable wettability and pH-responsiveness of plasma copolymers of acrylic acid and octafluorocyclobutane". Plasma Processes and Polymers. 14 (10): 1700053. doi:10.1002/ppap.201700053. S2CID 104161308.
^Matyjaszewski, Krzyszytof; Michael J. Ziegler; Stephen V. Arehart; Dorota Greszta; Tadeusz Pakula (2000). "Gradient Copolymers by Atom Transfer Radical Copolymerization". J. Phys. Org. Chem. 13 (12): 775–786. doi:10.1002/1099-1395(200012)13:12<775::aid-poc314>3.0.co;2-d.
^Cowie, J.M.G.; Valeria Arrighi (2008). Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials (Third ed.). CRC Press. pp. 147–148. ISBN 9780849398131.
^ abMok, Michelle; Jungki Kim; John M. Torkelson (2008). "Gradient Copolymers with Broad Glass Transition Temperature Regions: Design of Purely Interphase Compositions for Damping Applications". Journal of Polymer Science. 46 (1): 48–58. Bibcode:2008JPoSB..46...48M. doi:10.1002/polb.21341.
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