This article is about government budget balances. For trade balances, see Balance of trade. For payment balances, see Balance of payments.
"Budget deficits" redirects here. Not to be confused with Government debt.
Public finance
Policies
Agricultural
Economic
Energy
Industrial
Investment
Social
Trade
Fiscal
Monetary
Policy mix
Fiscal policy
Budget
policy
Debt
internal
Deficit / surplus
Finance ministry
Fiscal union
Revenue
Spending
deficit
Tax
Monetary policy
Bank reserves
requirements
Discount window
Gold reserves
Interest rate
Monetary authority
central bank
currency board
Monetary base
Monetary (currency) union
Money supply
Trade policy
Balance of trade
Free trade
Gains from trade
Non-tariff barrier
Protectionism
Tariff
Trade bloc
Trade creation
Trade diversion
Trade / commerce ministry
Revenue
Spending
Non-tax revenue
Tax revenue
Discretionary spending
Mandatory spending
Optimum
Balanced budget
Economic growth
Price stability
Reform
Fiscal adjustment
Monetary reform
Portal
v
t
e
The government budget balance, also referred to as the general government balance,[1]public budget balance, or public fiscal balance, is the difference between government revenues and spending. For a government that uses accrual accounting (rather than cash accounting) the budget balance is calculated using only spending on current operations, with expenditure on new capital assets excluded.[2]: 114–116 A positive balance is called a government budget surplus, and a negative balance is a government budget deficit. A government budget presents the government's proposed revenues and spending for a financial year.
The government budget balance can be broken down into the primary balance and interest payments on accumulated government debt; the two together give the budget balance. Furthermore, the budget balance can be broken down into the structural balance (also known as cyclically-adjusted balance) and the cyclical component: the structural budget balance attempts to adjust for the impact of cyclical changes in real GDP, in order to indicate the longer-run budgetary situation.
The government budget surplus or deficit is a flow variable, since it is an amount per unit of time (typically, per year). Thus it is distinct from government debt, which is a stock variable since it is measured at a specific point in time. The cumulative flow of deficits equals the stock of debt when a government employs cash accounting (though not under accrual accounting).
The governmentbudgetbalance, also referred to as the general governmentbalance, public budgetbalance, or public fiscal balance, is the difference between...
upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1. The following tables show the governmentalbudgetbalance, in millions of US dollars or millions of local currency units...
The United States budget comprises the spending and revenues of the U.S. federal government. The budget is the financial representation of the priorities...
accounts "balance"). More generally, it is a budget that has no budget deficit, but could possibly have a budget surplus. A cyclically balanced budget is a...
relationship between governmentbudget deficits and private saving. The government fiscal balance is one of three major financial sectoral balances in the national...
A governmentbudget is a projection of the government's revenues and expenditure for a particular period of time often referred to as a financial or fiscal...
austerity is a set of political-economic policies that aim to reduce governmentbudget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of...
commercial- or governmentbudgetbalance, a fiscal year. An operational plan is the basis for, and justification of, an annual operating budget needed to achieve...
federal governmentbudgetbalance from year to year, not the cumulative amount of debt. In a deficit year the national debt increases as the government needs...
between a nation's governmentbudgetbalance and its current account balance. Standard macroeconomic theory points to how a budget deficit can be a contributing...
"cyclically-adjusted balance" then will be equal to the "governmentbudgetbalance". In this way, because it is resistant to GDP growth changes, the structural balance is...
or budget deficit: the opposite of budget surplus. The term may be applied to the budget of a government, private company, or individual. Government deficit...
balanced budget requirements. A balanced budget requirement is a law that requires a government to balance its budget annually, such that government spending...
Rescue Service, and Department of Recreation. Governmentbudgetbalance in 2018 presents a gap between budget proposed and Maryland income of $250 million...
related to the government-owned corporations. The Puerto Rico governmentbudgetbalance is the overall result of the budget of the government of Puerto Rico...
Companies, governments, families, and other organizations use budgets to express strategic plans of activities in measurable terms. Preparing a budget allows...
constitution, is designed to restrict structural budget deficits at the federal level and limit the issuance of government debt. The amendment was enacted because...
A balanced budget amendment is a constitutional rule requiring that a state cannot spend more than its income. It requires a balance between the projected...
by providing for checks and balances. The separation of powers model is not always to create an outright limited government. It is often imprecisely and...
Budget theory is the academic study of political and social motivations behind government and civil society budgeting. Classic theorists in Public Budgeting...
The United States federal budget consists of mandatory expenditures (which includes Medicare and Social Security), discretionary spending for defense,...
The military budget of the United States is the largest portion of the discretionary federal budget allocated to the Department of Defense (DoD), or more...
exchange rates. The second list is based on the 2024 edition of The Military Balance, published by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)...
"5302.0 – Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia, March 2017". abs.gov.au. 4 December 2018. "Federal budget 2017: Standard...
The local budget of Washington, D.C. is set by the elected District government but must be approved by Congress. As a result, local government functions...
Global Information
