GopherVR displaying the major works of author William S. Burroughs
GopherVR is an enhanced Internet Gopher client that includes a 3D visualization tool for viewing resource collections as 3D scenes. It explored how people outside of formal research laboratories could use spatial metaphors to access information.[1] The 3D view was intended to be similar to 3D games of the time, like Spectre.[2] The authors were interested in how this spatial representation could address the "lost in hyperspace" feeling that people using conventional Gopher clients sometimes experienced.[1][3]
In 1995,[4] the Gopher developers at the University of Minnesota released GopherVR. Using Gopher+ protocol extensions, spatial positions for Gopher resources are specified, and GopherVR clients combine traditional Gopher hierarchy browsing with 3D scene navigation.[5] It was primarily written by Mark P. McCahill, Paul Lindner and Neophytos Iacovou. This original version was available for Unix, using Motif and X11, and the classic Mac OS; although incomplete, they were offered as partially functional alpha versions for testing.
Godot was another GopherVR client. It used a Z39.50 interface to libraries, allowing you to navigate the contents of a library in 3D.
According to McCahill, GopherVR's goals included showing the potential of structures that "separate the organization from the content", so "you could display the organizational structure a bunch of different ways", which the Web did not have ways of handling at the time.[6]
At the time GopherVR became available, the World Wide Web had recently been growing, and Gopher was already less commonly used.[7]
^ abChen, Chaomei (2013). Information Visualisation and Virtual Environments. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 187–189. ISBN 978-1-4471-3622-4.
^McCahill, Mark. "A Preliminary Design for a 3-D Spatial User Interface for Internet Gopher". Retrieved 2 June 2021. we can make the user experience similar to some of the better arcade style games (like Spectre)
^Wolf, Peter (1996). Three-Dimensional Information Visualisation: The Harmony Information Landscape (Thesis). p. 40. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.44.9705.
^"Projects | Internet Scout".
^"Videos circa 1994-95 of GopherVR". Archived from the original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 2005-12-29.
^McCahill, Mark P. (2001-09-13). "Oral History Interview with Mark P. McCahill". University Digital Conservancy at the University of Minnesota. Charles Babbage Institute. hdl:11299/107471. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
^Williams, Margot (August 7, 1995). "The Gopher Navigator Finds a Niche in the Web World Order". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
GopherVR is an enhanced Internet Gopher client that includes a 3D visualization tool for viewing resource collections as 3D scenes. It explored how people...
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