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Glass poling is the physical process through which the distribution of the electrical charges is changed. In principle, the charges are randomly distributed and no permanent electric field exists inside the glass.
When the charges are moved and fixed at a place then a permanent field will be recorded in the glass. This electric field will permit various optical functions in the glass, impossible otherwise. The resulting effect would be like having positive and negative poles as in a battery, but inside an optical fibre.
The effect will be a change of the optical fibre properties. For instance glass poling will permit to realize second-harmonic light generation which consists of converting an input light into another wavelength, twice the original radiation frequency and half of the wave length. For instance a near infrared radiation around 1030 nm could be converted with this process to the 515 nm wavelength, corresponding to green light.
Glass poling also allows for the creation of the linear electro-optic effect that can be used for other functions like light modulation.
So, glass poling relies on recording an electric field which breaks the original symmetry of the material. Poling of glass is done by applying high voltage to the medium, while exciting it with heat, ultraviolet light or some other source of energy. Heat will permit the charges to move by diffusion and the high voltage permits to give a direction to the charges displacement.
Optical poling of silica fibers[1] allows for second-harmonic generation through the creation of a self-organized periodic distribution of charges at the core-cladding interface.
UV poling [2] received much attention because of the high non-linearity reported, but interest dwindled when various groups failed to reproduce the results.
^Österberg, U.; Margulis, W. (1986). "Dye laser pumped by Nd:YAG laser pulses frequency doubled in a glass optical fiber". Optics Letters. 11 (8): 516–8. Bibcode:1986OptL...11..516O. doi:10.1364/OL.11.000516. PMID 19738674.
^Fujiwara, T.; et al. (March 30, 1995). "Electro-optic modulation in germanosilicate fibre with UV-excited poling". Electronics Letters. 31 (7): 573–575. Bibcode:1995ElL....31..573F. doi:10.1049/el:19950384. ISSN 0013-5194.
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