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Gezi Park protests information


Gezi Park protests
Protests on 6 June, with the slogan "Do not submit"
Date28 May – 20 August 2013[1]
(2 months, 3 weeks and 3 days)
Location
90 locations in Turkey including Istanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Hatay, Balıkesir, Bursa, Kahramanmaraş, Adana, Mersin, Kayseri, Konya, Eskişehir, Antalya, Isparta, Denizli, Muğla, Trabzon, Edirne, Erzurum, Malatya, Samsun[2][3][4]
Dozens of cities within the Turkish diaspora
Caused by
  • Authoritarianism of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan[5][6]
  • Lack of public consultation[7]
  • Violation of democratic rights[6]
  • Media censorship and disinformation[6]
  • Use of excessive force by police[6][8][9]
  • Government policies connected to the Syrian Civil War[10]
  • Alcohol restrictions[11]
  • Center-periphery dissonance[12]
Goals
  • Protecting Gezi Park and the public places
  • Defending freedom of speech and right to assembly
  • Banning the usage of chemical gas by state forces against protesters
  • Resignation of Erdoğan's government
  • Free media[13]
  • Fair elections[14]
MethodsSit-ins, strike actions, demonstrations, online activism, protest marches, civil disobedience, civil resistance, cacerolazo
Resulted in
  • Occupation of the park and adjoining Taksim square ended by force, smaller scale protests gradually die out, the park remains open to the public and plans for its destruction are cancelled[15][16]
  • Turkey-EU relations deteriorated[17][18]
  • Government passed several bills to increase the government's ability to control the Internet, to expand the police's abilities and to criminalise the provision of emergency medical care during protests.[19][20][21]
  • Court acquits Gezi Park protest leaders[22]
Parties

Anti-government protesters

  • Some political parties (CHP, BDP, HEPAR, TKP, EMEP, BTP, ÖDP, SDP, LDP)
  • Kemalists[23]
  • Idealists[24]
  • Alevis
  • Atatürkist Thought Association
  • Taksim Solidarity Movement [tr]
  • Environmentalists[25]
  • Socialists[23]
  • Communists[23]
  • Anarchists[26]
  • Social Democrats
  • Halkevleri
  • Turkish Christians Union
  • Cosmopolitans
  • Liberals
  • Feminists[27]
  • Pirate Union of Turkey[28]
  • LGBT[29]
  • Anti-Capitalist Muslims[30]
  • Socialist Kurds
  • Socialist Circassians[31][32]
  • Nationalists[33]
  • Libertarians[34]
  • Fenerbahçe S.K. supporters[35]
  • Galatasaray S.K. supporters[35]
  • Beşiktaş J.K. supporters[35]
  • Youth Union of Turkey
  • 3H Movement[36]
  • Confederation of Public Workers' Unions[37]
  • Confederation of Revolutionary Trade Unions of Turkey[37]
  • Education and Science Workers' Union[37]
  • Istanbul Bar Association[38]
  • Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects[37]
  • Turkish Medical Association[39]
  • Turkish Journalists' Association[40]
  • Turkish Writers' Union
  • WWF[41]
  • Anonymous[42]
  • RedHack[43][44]
  • Ekşi Sözlük[45]
  • İnci Sözlük[46]

61st Government of Turkey

  • Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
    • Ministry of the Interior
      • Police
      • Gendarmerie

Others

  • Justice and Development Party youth wing
  • Great Union Party youth wing
  • Free Cause Party youth wing
  • Alperen Hearths
  • HAK Party (Turkey)
  • Anatolian Youth Association
  • Pro-government football clubs
  • Pro-government media
  • Pro-government Idealists
Lead figures

Non-centralised leadership

Government leaders:
  • Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (Prime Minister)
  • Muammer Güler (Minister of Interior)
  • Hüseyin Avni Mutlu (Governor of Istanbul Province)
  • Kadir Topbaş (Mayor of Istanbul)
  • Hüseyin Çapkın (Police Chief of Istanbul Province)
  • Mehmet Artar (Gendarmerie Chief Colonel)[47]
Number

7,548,500 actively in person during June in Istanbul alone (unofficial estimate)[48]

at least 3,545,000 actively in person (government estimate)[49][50][51][52][53][54]

Cities
  • 100,000+ (Istanbul)[55]
  • 93,950 (Adana)[56]
  • 40,000+ (Ankara)[57]
  • 30,000+ (Izmir)[58]
  • 30,000+ (Bursa)[59]
  • 30,000+ (Çorlu)[60]
  • 20,000+ (Eskişehir)[61]
  • 20,000+ (Antalya)[62]
  • 20,000+ (Gaziantep)[63]
  • 20,000+ (Denizli)[64]
  • 15,000+ (Bodrum)[65]
  • 15,000+ (Çorum)[66]
Unknown
Casualties
Death(s)11[67]
Injuriesat least 8,163 (during the Gezi Park protests)[68]
(at least 63 in serious or critical condition with at least 3 having a risk of death)[68]
Arrestedat least 4,900 with 81 people being held in custody (during the Gezi Park protests)[69][70][71][72][73][74]
Detainedat least 134 (during the Gezi Park protests)[72][73][74]

A wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Turkey began on 28 May 2013, initially to contest the urban development plan for Istanbul's Taksim Gezi Park.[75] The protests were sparked by outrage at the violent eviction of a sit-in at the park protesting the plan.[76] Subsequently, supporting protests and strikes took place across Turkey, protesting against a wide range of concerns at the core of which were issues of freedom of the press, of expression and of assembly, as well as the AKP government's erosion of Turkey's secularism. With no centralised leadership beyond the small assembly that organised the original environmental protest, the protests have been compared to the Occupy movement and the May 1968 events. Social media played a key part in the protests, not least because much of the Turkish media downplayed the protests, particularly in the early stages. Three and a half million people (out of Turkey's population of 80 million) are estimated to have taken an active part in almost 5,000 demonstrations across Turkey connected with the original Gezi Park protest.[77] Twenty-two people were killed and more than 8,000 were injured, many critically.[77]

The sit-in at Taksim Gezi Park was restored after police withdrew from Taksim Square on 1 June, and developed into a protest camp, with thousands of protesters in tents, organising a library, medical centre, food distribution and their own media. After the Gezi Park camp was cleared by riot police on 15 June, protesters began to meet in other parks all around Turkey and organised public forums to discuss ways forward for the protests.[78][79] Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan dismissed the protesters as "a few looters" on 2 June.[5] Police suppressed the protests with tear gas and water cannons. In addition to the 11 deaths and over 8,000 injuries, more than 3,000 arrests were made. Police brutality and the overall absence of government dialogue with the protesters was criticised by some foreign governments and international organisations.[1][80]

The range of the protesters was described as being broad, encompassing both right- and left-wing individuals.[5] Their complaints ranged from the original local environmental concerns to such issues as the authoritarianism of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan,[81][82][83] curbs on alcohol,[84] a recent row about kissing in public,[5] and the war in Syria.[5] Protesters called themselves çapulcu (looters), reappropriating Erdoğan's insult for them (and coined the derivative "chapulling", given the meaning of "fighting for your rights"). Many users on Twitter also changed their screenname and used çapulcu instead.[85] According to various analysts, the protests were the most challenging events for Erdoğan's ten-year term and the most significant showing of nationwide disquiet in decades.[86][87]

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  6. ^ a b c d "Protesters are young, libertarian and furious at Turkish PM, says survey". 5 June 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
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  34. ^ "Libertarians in Turkey support protests". Students For Liberty. 11 June 2013. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
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  39. ^ "DİSK, KESK, TMMOB, TTB, TDB iş bıraktı". CNN Türk. 17 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
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  43. ^ "RedHack's latest victim is Union of Municipalities of Turkey, login credentials leaked". Hacker News Bulletin. 23 August 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
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