African-American Baptist minister and public figure during the U.S. Civil War
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Garrison Frazier
Deacon, Ordained Minister and Pastor First Bryan Baptist Church
In office December 1851 – 1860
Personal details
Born
Garrison Frazier
1798? Granville County, North Carolina, U.S. or Virginia
Died
1873 Savannah, Georgia, U.S.
Cause of death
Unknown
Resting place
Unknown
Occupation
Baptist Ordained Minister
Church Pastor
Known for
U.S. Civil War, First Bryan Baptist Church
Garrison Frazier[1] (1798? - 1873) was an African-American Baptist minister and public figure during the U.S. Civil War. He acted as spokesman for twenty African-American Baptist and Methodist ministers who met on January 12, 1865 with Major General William Tecumseh Sherman, of the Union Army's Military Division of the Mississippi, and with U.S. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, at General Sherman's headquarters in Savannah, Georgia. This meeting is commonly known as the "Savannah Colloquy" or the "Forty acres and a mule" meeting.[2][3][4]
Frazier's intervention helped to motivate General Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15 or the "Forty acres and a mule" order. Issued January 16, 1865, this order instructed Union Army officers to settle African-American refugees on the Sea Islands and inland: a total of 400,000 acres divided into 40-acre plots. Though mules were not mentioned in the Special Order, some African-American refugees did receive mules from the army. These 40-acre plots were colloquially known as "Blackacres", which may have a basis for their origin in contract law.[5]
At the time of the "Forty acres and a mule" meeting, Frazier was 67 years old.[6]
^Listed in Freedman Bureau and other records as "Garrison Fraser" or "Garrison Frazer"
^Colloquy with Colored Ministers, The Journal of African American History
Volume 16, Number 1
January 1931 (University of Chicago Press Journals). https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/2714000?journalCode=jnh
^"Lest We Forget: Minutes of an interview between the colored ministers and church officers at Savannah with the Secretary of War and Major-General Sherman. Bennie J. McRae, Jr., LWF Network, http://lestweforget.hamptonu.edu/page.cfm?uuid=9FEC3212-90DA-5859-77BF63F1120E4DAF; "Forever Free." The New York Times. By Eric Foner, Jan. 29, 2006
https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/books/chapters/forever-free.html
^Chiles, Nick (2015-01-13). "Gen. Sherman Granted 40 Acres to Black Families 150 Years Ago But It Was Soon Taken Away, Establishing The Nature of Black Communities' Relationship With U.S." Atlanta Black Star. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
^Freedmen and Southern Society Project, "Order by the Commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi, IN THE FIELD, SAVANNAH, GA., SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS, No. 15." January 16th, 1865.
^"Meeting between Black Religious Leaders and Union Military Authorities, January 12, 1865". www.freedmen.umd.edu. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
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