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Garnet
General
Category
Nesosilicate
Formula (repeating unit)
The general formula X3Y2(SiO4)3
IMA symbol
Grt[1]
Crystal system
Isometric
Crystal class
Space group
Ia3d
Identification
Color
virtually all colors, blue is rare
Crystal habit
Rhombic dodecahedron or cubic
Cleavage
Indistinct
Fracture
conchoidal to uneven
Mohs scale hardness
6.5–7.5
Luster
vitreous to resinous
Streak
White
Diaphaneity
Can form with any diaphaneity, translucent is common
Specific gravity
3.1–4.3
Polish luster
vitreous to subadamantine[2]
Optical properties
Single refractive, often anomalous double refractive[2]
Refractive index
1.72–1.94
Birefringence
None
Pleochroism
None
Ultraviolet fluorescence
variable
Other characteristics
variable magnetic attraction
Major varieties
Pyrope
Mg3Al2Si3O12
Almandine
Fe3Al2Si3O12
Spessartine
Mn3Al2Si3O12
Andradite
Ca3Fe2Si3O12
Grossular
Ca3Al2Si3O12
Uvarovite
Ca3Cr2Si3O12
Garnets (/ˈɡɑːrnɪt/) are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.
All species of garnets possess similar physical properties and crystal forms, but differ in chemical composition. The different species are pyrope, almandine, spessartine, grossular (varieties of which are hessonite or cinnamon-stone and tsavorite), uvarovite and andradite. The garnets make up two solid solution series: pyrope-almandine-spessartine (pyralspite), with the composition range [Mg,Fe,Mn]3Al2(SiO4)3; and uvarovite-grossular-andradite (ugrandite), with the composition range Ca3[Cr,Al,Fe]2(SiO4)3.
^Warr, L. N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
^ abCite error: The named reference GRG was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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