GDF11 information

GDF11
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	5E4G
Identifiers
Aliases	GDF11, BMP-11, BMP11, growth differentiation factor 11, VHO
External IDs	OMIM: 603936 MGI: 1338027 HomoloGene: 21183 GeneCards: GDF11
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	55,757,264 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 10 (mouse)
End	128,727,587 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	retinal pigment epithelium; ; internal globus pallidus; ; ventral tegmental area; ; subthalamic nucleus; ; superior vestibular nucleus; ; vena cava; ; endothelial cell; ; pons; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; external globus pallidus;
	Top expressed in
	spinal ganglia; ; superior cervical ganglion; ; upper arm; ; olfactory bulb; ; trigeminal ganglion; ; ureter; ; quadriceps femoris muscle; ; lens; ; uterus; ; ureteric bud;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	cytokine activity; transforming growth factor beta receptor binding; growth factor activity; protein binding;
Cellular component	intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; nucleoplasm; extracellular region; extracellular space; cellular component; protein-containing complex;
Biological process	regulation of apoptotic process; skeletal system development; roof of mouth development; ureteric bud development; regulation of MAPK cascade; spinal cord anterior/posterior patterning; cell development; negative regulation of cell differentiation; positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation; cell maturation; nervous system development; animal organ morphogenesis; pancreas development; mesoderm development; metanephros development; camera-type eye morphogenesis; anterior/posterior pattern specification; negative regulation of cell population proliferation; SMAD protein signal transduction; regulation of signaling receptor activity; negative regulation of neuron differentiation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	10220
	14561
	ENSG00000135414
	ENSMUSG00000025352
	O95390
	Q9Z1W4
	NM_005811
	NM_010272
	NP_005802
	NP_034402
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the growth differentiation factor 11 gene.^[5] GDF11 is a member of the Transforming growth factor beta family.^[6]

GDF11 acts as a cytokine and its sequence is highly conserved between in humans, mice and rats.^[7] The bone morphogenetic protein group is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site, which is cleaved to produce a protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues.^[8]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135414 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025352 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Ge G, Hopkins DR, Ho WB, Greenspan DS (July 2005). "GDF11 forms a bone morphogenetic protein 1-activated latent complex that can modulate nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of PC12 cells". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 25 (14): 5846–5858. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.14.5846-5858.2005. PMC 1168807. PMID 15988002.
^ Cite error: The named reference pmid31681577 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Jamaiyar A, Wan W, Janota DM, Enrick MK, Chilian WM, Yin L (July 2017). "The versatility and paradox of GDF 11". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 175: 28–34. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.032. PMC 6319258. PMID 28223232.
^ "Gene GDF11". Genecards. Retrieved 25 May 2013.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135414 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025352 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid15988002-5] Ge G, Hopkins DR, Ho WB, Greenspan DS (July 2005). "GDF11 forms a bone morphogenetic protein 1-activated latent complex that can modulate nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of PC12 cells". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 25 (14): 5846–5858. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.14.5846-5858.2005. PMC 1168807. PMID 15988002.

[pmid31681577-6] Cite error: The named reference pmid31681577 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[7] Jamaiyar A, Wan W, Janota DM, Enrick MK, Chilian WM, Yin L (July 2017). "The versatility and paradox of GDF 11". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 175: 28–34. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.032. PMC 6319258. PMID 28223232.

[8] "Gene GDF11". Genecards. Retrieved 25 May 2013.

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