All leaders at the 2021 G20 Summit in Rome, Italy.
Member countries of the G20
Countries represented through the membership of the European Union
Countries represented through the membership of the African Union
Countries permanently invited (Spain)
Formation
26 September 1999 (24 years ago) (1999-09-26) 2008 (2008) (heads-of-state/heads-of-government summits)
Type
International organization
Purpose
Bring together systemically important industrialized and developing economies to discuss key issues in the global economy.[1]
Membership
21 members[a]
Argentina
Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
France
Germany
India
Indonesia
Italy
Japan
Mexico
Russia
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
South Korea
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
European Union
African Union
Chairman (Incumbent)
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil
Website
g20.org[2]
The G20 or Group of 20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 sovereign countries, the European Union (EU), and the African Union (AU).[3][4] It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change mitigation and sustainable development.[5]
The G20 is composed of most of the world's largest economies' finance ministries, including both industrialised and developing countries; it accounts for around 80% of gross world product (GWP),[6] 75% of international trade,[b] two-thirds of the global population,[7] and 60% of the world's land area.
The G20 was founded in 1999 in response to several world economic crises.[8] Since 2008, it has convened at least once a year, with summits involving each member's head of government or state, finance minister, or foreign minister, and other high-ranking officials; the EU is represented by the European Commission and the European Central Bank.[9][10][c] Other countries, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations are invited to attend the summits, some permanently. In 2023, during its 2023 summit, the African Union joined as its 21st member.
In its 2009 summit, the G20 declared itself the primary venue for international economic and financial cooperation.[11] The group's stature has risen during the subsequent decade, and it is recognised by analysts as exercising considerable global influence;[12] it is also criticised for its limited membership,[13] lack of enforcement powers,[14] and for the alleged undermining of existing international institutions.[13] Summits are often met with protests, particularly by anti-globalization groups.[15][16]
^"FAQ #5: What are the criteria for G-20 membership?". Archived 16 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. G20.org. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
^Bagchi, Arindam [@MEAIndia] (8 November 2022). "The #G20India website is now live. Visit http://g20.in for all information about India's G20 Presidency – calendar, locations, feedback and more" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 January 2023 – via Twitter.
^Pogge, T. (2023). The African Union - Rising. Academics Stand Against Poverty, 3(1), 57–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10014908
^"The G20 has agreed to make the African Union a permanent member, Indian PM Modi says". World. NPR. Associated Press. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
^"G20 Finance Ministers Committed to Sustainable Development". IPS News. 9 September 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
^"What is the G20 | G20 Foundation". Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
^"G20 Members". G20.org. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
^"About The G20 – G20 Presidency of Indonesia". Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
^"Think Tanks". G20 Insights. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
^"Past Summits"
^"Officials: G-20 to supplant G-8 as international economic council". CNN. 25 September 2009. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
^"Global Politics". Andrew Heywood. Archived from the original on 25 December 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
^ abCite error: The named reference setback was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Bosco, David (19 April 2012). "Who would replace Argentina on the G20?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
^French, Cameron; Pav Jordan (17 June 2010). "Toronto G20 protest hints at more to come". Reuters. Toronto. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
^Abedi, Maham (7 July 2017). "G20 protests: Why the international summit attracts so much anger". Hamburg. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
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Global Information
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil
