An Act to consolidate and amend the Law relating to Friendly and other Societies.
Citation
38 & 39 Vict. c. 60
Territorial extent
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man[2]
Dates
Royal assent
11 August 1875
Commencement
Sections 10, 37 and 38 came into force on 11 August 1875. The remainder of the Act came into force on 1 January 1876.[3]
Text of statute as originally enacted
The Friendly Societies Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 60) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed by Benjamin Disraeli's Conservative government following the publication of the Royal Commission on Friendly Societies' Final Report.
It was one of the Friendly Societies Acts 1875 to 1895.[4]
The Act encouraged friendly societies to register with the Registrar of Friendly Societies by granting them the legal right to own land and property in the name of their trustees and the power to take out legal proceedings, in return for registration. Registered societies were subject to regulation: for example they were required to submit returns to the Registrar every five years which gave details of their financial affairs and in-force business which could be used by the Registrar to evaluate their assets against their liabilities under life assurance, annuity and sickness business.[5]
Friendly societies paid de facto old-age pensions in the form of sickness benefit, and the Act defined "old age" as 50 and above. Although a court ruled that "natural decay" was not "sickness" the majority of friendly societies did not accept this ruling as they were in competition with each other, and wanted to continue paying pensions to attract new members.[6]
The Act allowed friendly societies considerable self-management "but insured the adoption of sound rules, effective audit, and rates of payment sufficient to maintain solvency. It established the friendly societies, and with them the people's savings on a satisfactory basis".[7]
In 1889 Mr Braxton Hicks, the London coroner, wrote a letter to The Times about the dangers of child life insurance. He wrote that the insurances act as a temptation to the parents to neglect them, or to feed them with improper food, and sometimes even to kill them, as in the excessively numerous cases of "over-laying" or suffocating in bed.[8]
^The citation of this Act by this short title was authorised by section 1 of this Act.
^The Friendly Societies Act 1875, section 3
^The Friendly Societies Act 1875, section 2
^The Short Titles Act 1896, section 2(1) and Schedule 2
^John Macnicol, The Politics of Retirement in Britain, 1878-1948 (Cambridge University Press, 2002), p. 114.
^Macnicol, p. 118.
^William Flavelle Monypenny and George Earle Buckle, The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield. Volume II. 1860–1881 (London: John Murray, 1929), pp. 704-5.
^"Infantile Insurance". Times [London, England]. 14 February 1889. p. 13 – via The Times Digital Archive.
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