Friction stud welding is a solid phase welding technique involving a stud or appurtenance being rotated at high speed while being forced against a substrate, generating heat by friction. The metal surfaces reach a temperature at which they flow plastically under pressure, surface impurities are expelled and a forged weld is formed.
A friction stud weld.
This technique is rather more costly than arc stud welding and is therefore used for special applications where arc welding may present problems, such as:
welding underwater
welding on live subsea pipelines to attach anodes
welding in explosive environments and zoned areas
welding materials that are difficult to join by fusion welding processes
friction plug welding
Portable equipment for friction stud welding is available for use on construction work sites, offshore, underwater and in workshops. These portable units are much lighter and smaller than the large static friction welding machines which are used, for example, in factories to weld engine components such as drive shafts.
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