Successor state of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1918 to 1947
Free State of Prussia
Freistaat Preußen(German)
State of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany
1918–1947
Civil Flag (1918–1933)
The Free State of Prussia within the Weimar Republic in 1925
Anthem
Freistaat Preußen Marsch "Free State of Prussia March" (1922–1935)
Capital
Berlin
Area
• 1925[1]
292,695.36 km2 (113,010.31 sq mi)
Population
• 1925[1]
38,175,986
Government
• Type
Republic
• Motto
Gott mit uns "God with us"
Minister President
• 1918 (first)
Friedrich Ebert
• 1933–1945 (last)
Hermann Göring
Reichsstatthalter
• 1933–1935
Adolf Hitler
• 1935–1945
Hermann Göring
Legislature
State Parliament
• Upper Chamber
State Council
• Lower Chamber
House of Representatives
Historical era
Interwar • World War II
• German Revolution
9 November 1918
• Constitution adopted
30 November 1920
• Prussian coup d'état
20 July 1932
• Nazi seizure of power
30 January 1933
• Formally abolished
25 February 1947
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kingdom of Prussia
Allied-occupied Germany
Polish People's Republic
Soviet Union
Republic of Gniew
Today part of
Germany
Poland
Russia
The Free State of Prussia (German: Freistaat Preußen, pronounced[ˌfʁaɪ̯ʃtaːtˈpʁɔɪ̯sn̩]ⓘ) was one of the constituent states of Germany from 1918 to 1947. The successor to the Kingdom of Prussia after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I, it continued to be the dominant state in Germany during the Weimar Republic, as it had been during the empire, even though most of Germany's post-war territorial losses in Europe had come from its lands. It was home to the federal capital Berlin and had 62% of Germany's territory and 61% of its population. Prussia changed from the authoritarian state it had been in the past and became a parliamentary democracy under its 1920 constitution. During the Weimar period it was governed almost entirely by pro-democratic parties and proved more politically stable than the Republic itself. With only brief interruptions, the Social Democratic Party (SPD) provided the Minister President. Its Ministers of the Interior, also from the SPD, pushed republican reform of the administration and police, with the result that Prussia was considered a bulwark of democracy within the Weimar Republic.[2]
As a result of the Prussian coup d'état instigated by Reich Chancellor Franz von Papen in 1932, the Free State was subordinated to the Reich government and deprived of its independence. Prussia had thus de facto ceased to exist before the Nazi Party seized power in 1933, even though a Prussian government under Hermann Göring continued to function formally until 1945. After the end of the Second World War, by decree of the Allied Control Council, the de jure abolition of Prussia occurred on 25 February 1947.
^Beckmanns Welt-Lexikon und Welt-Atlas [Beckman's World Dictionary and World Atlas] (in German). Leipzig / Vienna: Verlagsanstalt Otto Beckmann. 1931.
^Winkler, Heinrich August (1985). Der Schein der Normalität [The Appearance of Normality] (in German). Bonn: Dietz. p. 400.
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