European ash in flowerNarrow-leafed ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) shoot with leaves
Fraxinus (/ˈfræksɪnəs/), commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae,[4] and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous trees, although some subtropical species are evergreen trees. The genus is widespread throughout much of Europe, Asia, and North America.[3][5][6][7][8]
The leaves are opposite (rarely in whorls of three), and mostly pinnately compound, though simple in a few species. The seeds, popularly known as "keys" or "helicopter seeds", are a type of fruit known as a samara. Some Fraxinus species are dioecious, having male and female flowers on separate plants but sex in ash is expressed as a continuum between male and female individuals, dominated by unisexual trees. With age, ash may change their sexual function from predominantly male and hermaphrodite towards femaleness [clarification needed];[9] if grown as an ornamental and both sexes are present, ashes can cause a considerable litter problem with their seeds. Rowans or mountain ashes have leaves and buds superficially similar to those of true ashes, but belong to the unrelated genus Sorbus in the rose family.
^"Fraxinus L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 3 April 2006. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
^Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
^ ab"Fraxinus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Kew Royal Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
^Western Garden Book (6th ed.). Sunset Books. 1995. pp. 606–07. ISBN 978-0376038500.
^"Fraxinus". Altervista Flora Italiana. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
^"Fraxinus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1057. 1753". Flora of China. p. 273 – via 衿属 qin shu.
^Philips, Roger (1979). Trees of North America and Europe: A Guide to Field Identification, Revised and Updated. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-50259-0. OCLC 4036251.
^"Genus Fraxinus". US Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
^Gender variation in ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) Pierre Binggeli & James Power (1991)
Piedmont: Fraxinus americana New Brunswick tree and shrub: Fraxinus americana Archived 11 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine "White Ash (Fraxinus americana)"...
Fraxinus lanuginosa (Japanese ash; Japanese: アオダモ Aodamo) is a species of ash native to Japan and to the Primorye region of eastern Russia. Fraxinus lanuginosa...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Fraxinus pennsylvanica, the green ash or red ash, is a species of ash native to eastern...
Fraxinus ornus, the manna ash or South European flowering ash, is a species of Fraxinus native to Southern Europe and Southwestern Asia, from Spain and...
Fraxinus longicuspis (syn. Fraxinus pubinervis), the taper-tip ash or Japanese ash (a name it shares with other members of its genus), is a species of...
Fraxinus nigra. Wikispecies has information related to Fraxinus nigra. Jerome, D.; Westwood, M.; Oldfield, S.; Romero-Severson, J. (2017). "Fraxinus nigra"...
Fraxinus angustifolia, the narrow-leaved ash, is a species of Fraxinus native to Central Europe and Southern Europe, Northwest Africa, and Southwest Asia...
"Fraxinus Quadragulata Range Map" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2008-03-02. Virtual Herbarium of the Chicago Region: Fraxinus quadrangulata...
Fraxinus latifolia, the Oregon ash, is a member of the ash genus Fraxinus, native to western North America. Fraxinus latifolia is a medium-sized deciduous...
Fraxinus velutina, the velvet ash, Arizona ash or Modesto ash, is a species of Fraxinus native to southwestern North America, in the United States from...
Fraxinus uhdei, commonly known as tropical ash or Shamel ash, is a species of tree native to Mexico and Central America. It is commonly planted as a street...
Government. "Fraxinus griffithii, Weeds of Australia". Retrieved January 23, 2018. The Plant List. A working list of all plant species. "Fraxinus griffithii"...
disorders. Fraxinus chinensis is dioecious, with male and female flowers produced on separate individuals. Oldfield, S. (2017). "Fraxinus chinensis"....
Fraxinus profunda, the pumpkin ash, is a species of ash (Fraxinus) native to eastern North America, where it has a scattered distribution on the Atlantic...
Melioides, Fraxinus albicans is dioecious, with male and female flowers produced on separate individuals. Fraxinus albicans is closely related to Fraxinus americana...
and hanging in bunches. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fraxinus dipetala. "Fraxinus dipetala". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural...
Welschland from species of Fraxinus. In the same article he showed a woodcut of Fraxinus excelsior. A woodcut of Fraxinus ornus had been published earlier...
Fraxinus platypoda (syn. Fraxinus spaethiana), the Chinese red ash, is a species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae, native to central China, and...
January 2023. "Fraxinus insularis Hemsl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 27 September 2022. "Fraxinus insularis". JC...
electric guitars. Swamp ash may refer to: Fraxinus caroliniana, native to the southeastern United States and Cuba Fraxinus nigra, native to the northeastern United...
Canada, Fraxinus berlandieriana Candolle, Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus de. 1844. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 8: 278–279, Fraxinus berlandieriana...
Disadvantages - Timber Blogger". Timber Blogger. Data related to Fraxinus caroliniana at Wikispecies Media related to Fraxinus caroliniana at Wikimedia Commons...
Fraxinus mandshurica, the Manchurian ash, is a species of Fraxinus native to northeastern Asia in northern China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei...
described the African specimens as a distinct species, Fraxinus dimorpha. Oldfield, S. (2017). "Fraxinus xanthoxyloides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species...
Fraxinus pallisiae is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Oleaceae. Its native range is Southeastern Europe to Moldova, Caucasus. "Fraxinus...
Breen, Patrick (2021). "Fraxinus sieboldiana". Landscape Plants. Oregon State University. Retrieved 2 November 2021. "Fraxinus sieboldiana in Flora of...
provinces. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fraxinus baroniana. Oldfield, S. (2018). "Fraxinus baroniana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017:...
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