American military officer, planter and politician (1732–1795)
Francis Marion
Nickname(s)
The Swamp Fox
Born
c. 1732 Berkeley County, Province of South Carolina, British America[1]
Died
February 27, 1795 (aged c. 63) Berkeley County, South Carolina, U.S.
Buried
St. Stephen, South Carolina
Allegiance
Great Britain United States
Service/branch
South Carolina Militia Continental Army
Years of service
1757–1782
Rank
Lieutenant colonel Continental Army Brigadier General South Carolina Militia
Battles/wars
French and Indian War American Revolutionary War
Brigadier General Francis Marion (c. 1732 – February 27, 1795), also known as the "Swamp Fox", was an American military officer, slaveowning planter, and politician who served during the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War. During the American Revolution, Marion supported the Patriot cause and enlisted in the Continental Army, fighting against British forces in the Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War from 1780 to 1781.
Though he never commanded a field army or served as a commander in a major engagement, Marion's use of irregular warfare against the British has led him to be considered one of the fathers of guerrilla and maneuver warfare, and his tactics form a part of the modern-day military doctrine of the U.S. Army's 75th Ranger Regiment.[1][2]
Francis Marion was born in Berkeley County, South Carolina c. 1732. His father Gabriel Marion was a Huguenot who emigrated to the Thirteen Colonies from France at some point prior to 1700 due to the Edict of Fontainebleau and became a slaveowning planter.[3] Marion was born on his family's plantation, and at approximately the age of 15, he was hired on a merchant ship bound for the West Indies which sank on his first voyage; the crew escaped on a lifeboat but had to spend one week at sea before reaching land.[1] In the following years, Marion managed the family's plantation, including overseeing the activities of the family's slaves.[1]
^ abcdCrawford, Amy (June 30, 2007). "The Swamp Fox". Smithsonian. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
^Dembroski, Rick (October 6, 2015). "Father of Special Operations: The Swamp Fox". sofrep.com. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
^Southern and Western Monthly Magazine and Review, Volume 1, 1845, page 210.
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Global Information
Great Britain 
United States
South Carolina Militia 
Continental Army