In materials science, fragile matter is a granular material that is jammed solid. Everyday examples include beans getting stuck in a hopper in a whole food shop, or milk powder getting jammed in an upside-down bottle. The term was coined by physicist Michael Cates, who asserts that such circumstances warrant a new class of materials. The jamming thus described can be unjammed by mechanical means, such as tapping or shaking the container, or poking it with a stick.
Cates proposed that such jammed systems differ from ordinary solids in that if the direction of the applied stress changes, the jam will break up. Sometimes the change of direction required is very small.
Perhaps the simplest example is a pile of sand, which is solid in the sense that the pile sustains its shape despite the force of gravity. Slight tilting or vibration is enough to enable the grains to shift, collapsing the pile.
Not all jammed systems are fragile, i.e. foam. Shaving foam is jammed because the bubbles are tightly packed together under the isotropic stress imposed by atmospheric pressure. If it were a fragile solid, it would respond plastically to shear stress, however small. But because bubbles deform, foam actually responds elastically provided that the stress is below a threshold value. Fragile matter is also not to be confused with cases in which the particles have adhered to one another ("caking").
In materials science, fragilematter is a granular material that is jammed solid. Everyday examples include beans getting stuck in a hopper in a whole...
support shear stresses and therefore may display an angle of repose. Fragilematter Granular material Liquefaction Grain size Paste (rheology) Powder mixture...
Bouchaud, J.-P.; Claudin, P. (31 August 1998). "Jamming, Force Chains, and FragileMatter". Physical Review Letters. 81 (9). American Physical Society (APS):...
extracted statistics for particles' morphology. Aggregate (composite) Fragilematter Random close pack Soil liquefaction Metal powder Particulates Paste...
Polyphonic Spree: The Fragile Army". PopMatters. Retrieved 28 September 2011. Irvine, Scott (20 August 2007). "Polyphonic Spree, The - The Fragile Army". AbsolutePunk...
Retrieved September 4, 2020. Cooper, Frank Rudy (2020). "Cop Fragility and Blue Lives Matter". Scholarly Commons at UNLV Boyd Law. Retrieved September 14...
White Fragility: Why It's So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism is a 2018 book written by Robin DiAngelo about race relations in the United States...
Fragile Rock is an American musical collective of musicians and puppeteers, described as an "emo puppet band." The band formed in Austin, Texas in 2014...
Leucocoprinus fragilissimus, commonly known as the fragile dapperling, is a species of gilled mushroom in the family Agaricaceae. As with many of the...
in the series as Cheedo the Fragile, one of the five wives of Immortan Joe in the film. Of her part, Eaton said that Fragile is "the youngest of the [five]...
Zeitschrift für historische Anthropologie 21.2, 2011, pp. 1–23. (2013). "FragileMatters. Literature and the Scene of Torture" in New German Critique, 127,...
fair". PopMatters. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007. Machian, Mike (February 5, 2002). "Fragility 2.0: Bruises...
identified twelve countries in its most susceptible categories on the Fragile States Index. Formally designating a state as "failed" can be a controversial...
Family Matters is an American sitcom revolving around the Winslow family, a middle-class African-American family living in Chicago. The series ran for...
Perseverance in 1998. The band's debut album, The Fragile Art of Existence, was released in 1999. The Fragile Art of Existence was reissued in October 2010...
behaviour the liquid is called fragile. This classification has no direct relation with the common usage of the word "fragility" to mean brittleness. Viscous...
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