For other uses, see Fourth Estate (disambiguation).
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Category: Journalism
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The term Fourth Estate or fourth power refers to the press and news media both in explicit capacity of advocacy and implicit ability to frame political issues.[1] The derivation of the term arises from the traditional European concept of the three estates of the realm: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. The equivalent term "fourth power" is somewhat uncommon in English, but it is used in many European languages, including German (Vierte Gewalt), Italian (quarto potere), Spanish (Cuarto poder), French (Quatrième pouvoir), Swedish (tredje statsmakten [Third Estate]), Polish (Czwarta Władza), and Russian (четвёртая власть) to refer to a government's separation of powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
The expression has also been applied to lawyers, to the British Queen Consort (acting as a free agent independent of her husband), and to the proletariat.
^"fourth estate". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
The term FourthEstate or fourth power refers to the press and news media both in explicit capacity of advocacy and implicit ability to frame political...
were split into separate estates, creating a four-estate system with rural commoners ranking the lowest as the FourthEstate. In Norway, the taxpaying...
A cocktail is an alcoholic mixed drink or non alcoholic mixed drink. Most commonly, a cocktail is a combination of one or more spirits mixed with other...
"Fifth" Estate extends the sequence of the three classical Estates of the Realm, nobility, clergy, subjects and the preceding FourthEstate, essentially...
novel by Australian writer Trent Dalton. It was originally published by FourthEstate in Australia in 2018. This semi-biographical coming-of-age novel is...
To Spandau. FourthEstate. pp. 250–251. ISBN 978-0-00-732330-2. Kemp, Gary (2009). I Know This Much From Soho To Spandau. FourthEstate. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-00-732330-2...
Soho to Spandau. FourthEstate. pp. 31–35. ISBN 978-0-00-732330-2. Kemp, Gary (2009). I Know This Much: From Soho to Spandau. FourthEstate. pp. 56–58....
referred to as a ‘fourth branch’. While the term ‘fourthestate’ is used to emphasize the independence of 'the press', the fourth branch suggests that...
vita in Paris, and finished The FourthEstate, to which he had dedicated ten years of study and work. The FourthEstate, exhibited the next year in the...
establish their independence of sources or risk the fourthestate being driven by the fifth estate of public relations. Journalists can face violence and...
Four Estates, which historically were the lines of division in Swedish society: Nobility Clergy Burghers Peasants The inclusion of a fourthestate, Bondeståndet...
inspiration for the FourthEstate's Journalism Code of Practice and the Society of Professional Journalists Code of Ethics . The FourthEstate offers a clear...
Albright is the debut novel of MacKenzie Scott, published in 2005 by FourthEstate, an imprint of HarperCollins. Luther Albright is a devoted father and...
Dave Haslam, Manchester England, Fourth Estate, London, 2000, p 128–9 Dave Haslam, Manchester England, FourthEstate, London, 2000, p 165 "cerysmaticfactory...
Mother-in-Law. FourthEstate. ISBN 978-0007338412. Law, Phyllida (2013). How Many Camels Are There in Holland?: Dementia, Ma and Me. FourthEstate. ISBN 978-0007485864...
293 Spada, p. 294 Spada, p. 295 Levy, Shawn. Rat Pack Confidential. FourthEstate. London, 1999. p. 339 Haygood, Wil. In Black and White: The Life of...
Wheen, Francis (1999). Karl Marx. FourthEstate. p. 248. ISBN 9781841151144. Wheen, Francis (1999). Karl Marx. FourthEstate. p. 253. ISBN 9781841151144. Wheen...
Mosley, editor, The Mitfords: Letters Between Six Sisters, London: FourthEstate, 2007, p. 264. According to her sister Jessica, Pamela Mitford had become...
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