Infinite sum of positive and negative powers of a formal variable
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In mathematics, a formal distribution is an infinite sum of powers of a formal variable, usually denoted in the theory of formal distributions. The coefficients of these infinite sums can be many different mathematical structures, such as vector spaces or rings, but in applications most often take values in an algebra over a field. These infinite sums are allowed to have infinitely many positive and negative powers, and are not required to converge, and so do not define functions of the formal variable. Rather, they are interpreted as distributions, that is, linear functionals on an appropriate space of test functions. They are closely related to formal Laurent series, but are not required to have finitely many negative powers. In particular, this means even if the coefficients are ring-valued, it is not necessarily possible to multiply two formal distributions.
They are important in the study of vertex operator algebras, since the vertex operator playing a central role in the theory takes values in a space of endomorphism-valued formal distributions.[1]
^Kac, Victor G. (1998). Vertex algebras for beginners (2nd ed.). Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society. p. 17. ISBN 082181396X.
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