Between 1917 and 1939, approximately 70,000 to 80,000 foreign workers, specialists, and political exiles lived and worked in Soviet Russia. At its peak in mid-1932, 42,230 foreign workers were employed in Soviet industry, mostly men and mostly skilled laborers. Of those, 50% were German or Austrian, 25% were American, and the rest were Finnish, Czech, Italian, French, Spanish, Swedish, and Japanese workers.[1]
The main timeline of foreign workers in the Soviet Union can be divided roughly into two periods, the 1920s and the 1930s.
^Graziosi, Andrea (Spring 1988). "Foreign Workers in Soviet Russia, 1920-40: Their Experience and Their Legacy". International Labor and Working-Class History. 33 (33): 38–59. doi:10.1017/S0147547900004713. JSTOR 27671737. Retrieved May 9, 2021.
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