Rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease
In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease.[1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. That is to say, is directly proportional to ; the effective transmission rate.
Such a calculation is difficult because not all new infections are reported, and it is often difficult to know how many susceptibles were exposed. However, can be calculated for an infectious disease in an endemic state if homogeneous mixing of the population and a rectangular population distribution (such as that generally found in developed countries), rather than a pyramid, is assumed. In this case, is given by:
where is the average age of infection. In other words, is the average time spent in the susceptible group before becoming infected. The rate of becoming infected () is therefore (since rate is 1/time). The advantage of this method of calculating is that data on the average age of infection is very easily obtainable, even if not all cases of the disease are reported.[citation needed]
^Hens, N.; Aerts, M.; Faes, C.; Shkedy, Z.; Lejeune, O.; Van Damme, P.; Beutels, P. (2010). "Seventy-five years of estimating the force of infection from current status data". Epidemiology and Infection. 138 (6): 802–12. doi:10.1017/S0950268809990781. hdl:10067/791410151162165141. PMID 19765352.
and 24 Related for: Force of infection information
In epidemiology, forceofinfection (denoted λ {\displaystyle \lambda } ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. Because...
of susceptible individuals to the compartment of infectious individuals, so that it is called the forceofinfection. However, for large classes of communicable...
An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they...
Chlamydia, or more specifically a chlamydia infection, is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Most people who...
outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after...
as the clap, is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infection may involve the genitals, mouth, or rectum...
Human papillomavirus infection (HPV infection) is caused by a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family. Many HPV infections cause no symptoms and 90%...
Adenovirus infection is a contagious viral disease, caused by adenoviruses, commonly resulting in a respiratory tract infection. Typical symptoms range...
infections are infectionsof the neonate (newborn) acquired during prenatal development or within the first four weeks of life. Neonatal infections may...
raise the average age ofinfection, and unvaccinated individuals will experience a reduced forceofinfection due to the presence of the vaccinated group...
condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment...
number of gastric and extragastric disorders. Gastric disorders due to infection begin with gastritis, inflammation of the stomach lining. When infection is...
start node, and the expected force, derived from the expected value of the forceofinfection generated by a node. Both of these measures can be meaningfully...
species of Gram-negative diplococci bacteria isolated by Albert Neisser in 1879. It causes the sexually transmitted genitourinary infection gonorrhea...
(PID), is an infectionof the upper part of the female reproductive system, namely the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, and inside of the pelvis....
density. The expected force measures node influence from an epidemiological perspective. It is the expected value of the forceofinfection generated by the...
reasons of the specific disease origin- sources of the infection in various extreme situations, including local wars and armed conflicts, the ways of the...
customs duties; the force has never been involved in a foreign conflict. The army has struggled with high rates of HIV infection. Since measures were...
bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, and pulmonary embolism. The most common cause is a viral infection. Other causes include bacterial infection, pneumonia...
Diabetic foot infection is any infectionof the foot in a diabetic person. The most frequent cause of hospitalization for diabetic patients is due to...
have become important pathogens in nosocomial infections. It naturally occurs in the soil, and about 30% of strains can fix nitrogen in anaerobic conditions...
other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis. Around 10% of latent infections progress to...
Global Information
