Flux pinning is a phenomenon that occurs when flux vortices in a type-II superconductor are prevented from moving within the bulk of the superconductor, so that the magnetic field lines are "pinned" to those locations.[1] The superconductor must be a type-II superconductor because type-I superconductors cannot be penetrated by magnetic fields.[2] Some type-I superconductors can experience the effects of flux pinning if they are thin enough. If the material's thickness is comparable to the London penetration depth, the magnetic field can pass through the material. The act of magnetic penetration is what makes flux pinning possible. At higher magnetic fields (above lower critical field Hc,1 but below upper critical field Hc,2 ) the superconductor allows magnetic flux to enter in quantized packets surrounded by a superconducting current vortex (see Quantum vortex). These sites of penetration are known as flux tubes. The number of flux tubes per unit area is proportional to the magnetic field with a constant of proportionality equal to the magnetic flux quantum. On a simple 76 millimeter diameter, 1-micrometer thick disk, next to a magnetic field of 28 kA/m, there are approximately 100 billion flux tubes that hold 70,000 times the superconductor's weight. At lower temperatures the flux tubes are pinned in place and cannot move. This pinning is what holds the superconductor in place thereby allowing it to levitate. This phenomenon is closely related to the Meissner effect, though with one crucial difference — the Meissner effect shields the superconductor from all magnetic fields causing repulsion, unlike the pinned state of the superconductor disk which pins flux, and the superconductor in place.
^"Flux pinning in action". Physics World. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
^Rosen, J., Ph.D., & Quinn, L. (n.d.). Superconductivity. In K. Cullen, Ph.D.
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Fluxpinning is a phenomenon that occurs when flux vortices in a type-II superconductor are prevented from moving within the bulk of the superconductor...
dynamics Flux footprint FluxpinningFlux quantization Gauss's law Inverse-square law Jansky (non SI unit of spectral flux density) Latent heat flux Luminous...
Pinning may refer to: Pinning, the effect of certain weapons that cause their targets to be pinned down Pinning ceremony (nursing), a symbolic welcoming...
Committee on Data for Science and Technology Domain wall (magnetism) Fluxpinning Ginzburg–Landau theory Husimi Q representation Macroscopic quantum phenomena...
which repels a permanent magnet which approaches the superconductor, and fluxpinning, which prevents the magnet floating away. Superdiamagnetism is a feature...
diamagnets. If the rotor tries to drift off-center, a restoring force due to fluxpinning restores it. This is known as the magnetic stiffness of the bearing....
depth in the theory of superconductivity. Physics portal Science portal Fluxpinning Silsbee effect Superfluid "Meissner effect | physics". Encyclopedia Britannica...
Pinning force is a force acting on a pinned object from a pinning center. In solid state physics, this most often refers to the vortex pinning, the pinning...
is due to the Meissner effect and fluxpinning. Some systems use Null Current systems (also sometimes called Null Flux systems). These use a coil that is...
superconductor, the levitation of the magnet is further stabilized due to fluxpinning within the superconductor; this tends to stop the superconductor from...
change of an axial vector. In order to take into account the magnetic fluxpinning phenomenon in type-II superconductors, the frozen mirror image method...
Zhang, X J; Pan, C Y; Zhou, W L; Xu, Y; Liu, Y S; Izumi, M (2017). "Fluxpinning properties of GdBCO bulk through the infiltration and growth process"...
Like many type-II superconductors, YBCO can exhibit fluxpinning: lines of magnetic flux may be pinned in place in a crystal, with a force required to move...
introduced by Alexander Kordyuk in 1998 to take into account the magnetic fluxpinning phenomenon. The method gives a simple representation of the magnetic...
types of flux are acid flux (sometimes called "active flux"), containing strong acids, used for metal mending and plumbing, and rosin flux (sometimes...
whose superconductive properties allow it to float in magnetic fields (fluxpinning). This property makes it highly valued by humans, who mine it for transport...
varying current in any coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force (EMF)...
and plastic flow through bottlenecks in a two-dimensional model for fluxpinning in type-II superconductors". Physical Review Letters. 60 (16): 1676–1679...
on pins and pads, but not on the PCB itself. Reflow soldering is a process in which a solder paste (a mixture of prealloyed solder powder and a flux-vehicle...
brazing pin is pushed forward into the molten pool of brazing alloy. The pin tip, brazing alloy, flux and lug cool into a homogenous unit. The pin brazing...
In physics, a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity. In most cases, quantum vortices are a type of topological...
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