Florence Baptistery (Battistero di San Giovanni)Mosaic-covered interior of the octagonal dome
The Florence Baptistery, also known as the Baptistery of Saint John (Italian: Battistero di San Giovanni), is a religious building in Florence, Italy, and has the status of a minor basilica.[1] The octagonal baptistery stands in both the Piazza del Duomo and the Piazza San Giovanni, across from Florence Cathedral and the Campanile di Giotto.
The Baptistery is one of the oldest buildings in the city, constructed between 1059 and 1128 in the Florentine Romanesque style. Although the Florentine style did not spread across Italy as widely as the Pisan Romanesque or Lombard styles, its influence was decisive for the subsequent development of architecture, as it formed the basis from which Francesco Talenti, Leon Battista Alberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, and other master architects of their time created Renaissance architecture. In the case of the Florentine Romanesque, one can speak of "proto-renaissance",[2] but at the same time an extreme survival of the late antique architectural tradition in Italy, as in the cases of the Basilica of San Salvatore, Spoleto, the Temple of Clitumnus, and the church of Sant'Alessandro in Lucca.
The Baptistery is renowned for its three sets of artistically important bronze doors with relief sculptures. The south doors were created by Andrea Pisano and the north and east doors by Lorenzo Ghiberti.[3] Michelangelo dubbed the east doors the Gates of Paradise.
Up to 1935, the Baptistery was the only place where Florentines were baptized.[4] As a consequence, poet Dante Alighieri, famous Renaissance artists, Amerigo Vespucci, members of the Medici family, etc. were baptized in this baptistery.[5]
The building contains the monumental tomb of Antipope John XXIII, by Donatello.
^"Basilica of St. John". GCatholic.org. Retrieved 9 March 2020.[better source needed]
^Weigert, Hans (1961). Busch, Harald; Lohse, Bernd (eds.). Buildings of Europe: Renaissance Europe. New York: The Macmillan Company. p. 4.
^Florence and Central Italy, 1400–1600 A.D., Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
^"The Archives' collections | Opera Duomo Florence Archives". duomo.firenze.it. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
^Liukkonen, Petri. "Dante Alighieri". Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from the original on 17 August 2008.
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