The flora of Scotland is an assemblage of native plant species including over 1,600 vascular plants, more than 1,500 lichens and nearly 1,000 bryophytes. The total number of vascular species is low by world standards but lichens and bryophytes are abundant and the latter form a population of global importance. Various populations of rare fern exist, although the impact of 19th-century collectors threatened the existence of several species. The flora is generally typical of the north-west European part of the Palearctic realm and prominent features of the Scottish flora include boreal Caledonian forest (much reduced from its natural extent), heather moorland and coastal machair.[1] In addition to the native species of vascular plants there are numerous non-native introductions, now believed to make up some 43% of the species in the country.[2][3]
There are a variety of important trees species and specimens; a Grand Fir in Argyll is the tallest tree in the United Kingdom and the Fortingall Yew may be the oldest tree in Europe. The Arran Whitebeams, Shetland Mouse-ear and Scottish Primrose are endemic flowering plants and there are a variety of endemic mosses and lichens. Conservation of the natural environment is well developed and various organisations play an important role in the stewardship of the country's flora. Numerous references to the country's flora appear in folklore, song and poetry.
^"Flowering Plants and Ferns" Archived 21 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine SNH. Retrieved 26 April 2008
^"Natural Heritage Trends. Species diversity: plant species" Archived 1 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine SNH. Retrieved 26 April 2008
^"LICHENS: Biodiversity & Conservation" RBGE. Retrieved 26 April 2008
The floraofScotland is an assemblage of native plant species including over 1,600 vascular plants, more than 1,500 lichens and nearly 1,000 bryophytes...
the American War of Independence meant the loss of their American estates and they returned to Scotland, where she died in 1790. Flora MacDonald was born...
Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's...
1968. Excursion Floraof the British Isles. Cambridge Press. ISBN 0-521-04656-4 Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University...
Primula scotica, commonly known as Scottish primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the family, Primulaceae, the primroses and their relatives. It...
School of Art Scottish islands portal Fauna ofScotlandFloraofScotland Geology ofScotland Hutton's Unconformity List of islands ofScotland Clan Douglas...
Society ofScotland (BSS) is the national learned society for botanists ofScotland. The Society's aims are to advance knowledge and appreciation of flowering...
na purgaid FloraofScotland Brewster, Sir David (1832). Lichen. The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 10 May 2014. "Crottle". Dictionary of the Scots...
Flora Munro Sadler (née McBain; 4 June 1912 - 25 December 2000) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. She was the first woman to hold a senior position...
The flora and fauna of the Outer Hebrides in northwest Scotland comprises a unique and diverse ecosystem. A long archipelago, set on the eastern shores...
species of willow native to Iceland, the Faeroe Islands and Finland, through to eastern Siberia. In Scotland it can be found in only a few localities of Perthshire...
(Scotland) Act 1997 of being known (but not re-designated) as a "comhairle" when opting for a Gaelic name; only Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (Council of the...
Perth and Kinross, Scotland, was planted in the autumn of 1745 by Jean Mercer and her husband, Robert Murray Nairne on the Marquess of Lansdowne's Meikleour...
Flora Murray CBE (8 May 1869 – 28 July 1923) was a Scottish medical pioneer, and a member of the Women's Social and Political Union suffragettes. From...
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Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved June 24, 2022. Webb DA (1993) Saxifragaceae. In: Tutin TG, et al. (eds.). Flora Europaea...
coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland and Wales. With an area of 209,331 km2 (80,823 sq mi), it is the largest of the...
whitebeams are species of whitebeam endemic to the island of Arran, Ayrshire, Scotland. These trees, sometimes called the Scottish or Arran whitebeam (Sorbus...
flag ofScotland (Scottish Gaelic: bratach na h-Alba; Scots: Banner o Scotland, also known as St Andrew's Cross or the Saltire) is the national flag of Scotland...
Edmondston's chickweed, is an endemic flowering plant found in Shetland, Scotland. It was first recorded in 1837 by botanist Thomas Edmondston, who was 12...
Dame Flora McKenzie Robson DBE (28 March 1902 – 7 July 1984) was an English actress and star of the theatrical stage and cinema, particularly renowned...
The powan (Coregonus clupeoides) is a kind of freshwater whitefish endemic to two lochs in Scotland, Loch Lomond and Loch Eck. It has been successfully...
spruce wormwood. It is found in cold locations in Eurasia (Scotland, Scandinavia, Ural Mountains of Russia) and high altitudes and high latitudes in North...
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