The Flexner Report[1] is a book-length landmark report of medical education in the United States and Canada, written by Abraham Flexner and published in 1910 under the aegis of the Carnegie Foundation. Flexner not only described the state of medical education in North America, but he also gave detailed descriptions of the medical schools that were operating at the time. He provided both criticisms and recommendations for improvements of medical education in the United States.
Many aspects of the present-day American medical profession stem from the Flexner Report and its aftermath. While it had many positive impacts on American medical education, the Flexner report has been criticized for introducing policies that encouraged systemic racism and sexism.[2][3][4]
The Report, also called Carnegie Foundation Bulletin Number Four, called on American medical schools to enact higher admission and graduation standards, and to adhere strictly to the protocols of mainstream science principles in their teaching and research. The report talked about the need for revamping and centralizing medical institutions. Many American medical schools fell short of the standard advocated in the Flexner Report and, subsequent to its publication, nearly half of such schools merged or were closed outright.
Colleges for the education of the various forms of alternative medicine, such as electrotherapy, were closed. Homeopathy, traditional osteopathy, eclectic medicine, and physiomedicalism (botanical therapies that had not been tested scientifically) were derided.[5]
The Report also concluded that there were too many medical schools in the United States, and that too many doctors were being trained. A repercussion of the Flexner Report, resulting from the closure or consolidation of university training, was the closure of all but two black medical schools and the reversion of American universities to male-only admittance programs to accommodate a smaller admission pool.
^Flexner, Abraham (1910), Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching(PDF), Bulletin No. 4., New York City: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, p. 346, OCLC 9795002, retrieved August 22, 2021
^Laws, Terri (2021-03-01). "How Should We Respond to Racist Legacies in Health Professions Education Originating in the Flexner Report?". AMA Journal of Ethics. 23 (3): 271–275. doi:10.1001/amajethics.2021.271. ISSN 2376-6980. PMID 33818380. S2CID 233028996.
^Wright-Mendoza, Jessie (2019-05-03). "The 1910 Report That Disadvantaged Minority Doctors". JSTOR Daily. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
^Redford, Gabrielle (November 17, 2020). "AAMC renames prestigious Abraham Flexner award in light of racist and sexist writings". AAMC. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
^Flexner, Abraham. "Abraham Flexner's View of Homeopathic Schools: An Excerpt from the Flexner Report (1910)". HomeoWatch. Quackwatch. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
The FlexnerReport is a book-length landmark report of medical education in the United States and Canada, written by Abraham Flexner and published in 1910...
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Advanced Study. Flexner's study of medical schools, the 1910 FlexnerReport, played a major role in the reform of medical education. Flexner had studied European...
Myers, pp. 75–76; Gray, p. 16. Abraham Flexner (1910), Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement...
Flexner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Abraham Flexner (1866–1959), American educator, author of the FlexnerReport Bernard Flexner...
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from CFAT: The FlexnerReport Archived 2013-11-05 at the Wayback Machine Ludmerer, K.M. (2010). "Commentary: Understanding the FlexnerReport" (PDF). Academic...
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Wishart (1850–1926): Study of an Academic Surgical Career Prior to the FlexnerReport". World Journal of Surgery. 36 (3): 684–8. doi:10.1007/s00268-011-1407-x...
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it reduced efficiency or the revolution in hospitals caused by the FlexnerReport. On June 28, 1882, Gates was married to Lucia Fowler Perkins (d. 1883)...
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Foundation published reports on medical and law education. One example of such reports is the FlexnerReport, written by educator Abraham Flexner. This research...
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