Flathead motorcycles are a type of bike that was a standard for pre-war motorcycles, in particular US V-twins such as Harley-Davidson and Indian, some British singles, BMW flat twins and Russian copies thereof.[1]
Flathead motorcycles have side-valves contained within the engine block, instead of in the cylinder head, as in an overhead valve engine. This early engine design has mostly fallen into disuse.[2][3]
Cleveland Model 4-45
In 1925 Cleveland Motorcycle Manufacturing Company released a motorcycle with a 36.5 cubic inches (598 cc) T-head four-cylinder engine designed by L. E. Fowler.[4][5]
^For example, some Dnepr and Ural used flathead designs that BMW had licensed to the Soviets.
^However, flatheads are currently experiencing a revival in low-revving aero-engines such as the D-Motor
^D-Motor image [1] Archived 2018-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
^Wilson, Hugo (1995). "The Directory of Motorcycles". The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 271. ISBN 0-7513-0206-6.
^De Cet, Micro (2003), The Illustrated Directory of Motorcycles, MotorBooks International, pp. 102–105, ISBN 978-0-7603-1417-3, archived from the original on 2013-12-30, retrieved 2018-05-02
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