Fetal rights are the moral rights or legal rights of the human fetus under natural and civil law. The term fetal rights came into wide usage after Roe v. Wade, the 1973 landmark case that legalized abortion in the United States.[1][2] The concept of fetal rights has evolved to include the issues of maternal substance use disorders, including alcohol use disorder and opioid use disorder.[3] Most international human rights charters "clearly reject claims that human rights should attach from conception or any time before birth."[4] While international human rights instruments lack a universal inclusion of the fetus as a person for the purposes of human rights, the fetus is granted various rights in the constitutions and civil codes of several countries.[5]
^Marsh, FH (1997). "Abortion and the law: the Supreme Court, privacy, and abortion". Advances in Bioethics. 2: 107–23. PMID 12348324.
^Benshoof, J (22 January 1998). "Sex, lies, and stereotypes". Reproductive Freedom News. 7 (1): 2–3. PMID 12293725.
^Erin N. Linder (2005). "Punishing prenatal alcohol abuse: the problems inherent in utilizing civil commitment to address addiction" (PDF). University of Illinois Law Review. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
^Copelon, Rhonda; Zampas, Christina; Brusie, Elizabeth; deVore, Jacqueline (January 2005). "Human Rights Begin at Birth: International Law and the Claim of Fetal Rights". Reproductive Health Matters. 13 (26): 120–129. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(05)26218-3. PMID 16291493. S2CID 33649988. In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the foundation of human rights, the text and negotiating history of the "right to life" explicitly premises human rights on birth. Likewise, other international and regional human rights treaties, as drafted and/or subsequently interpreted, clearly reject claims that human rights should attach from conception or any time before birth. They also recognise that women's right to life and other human rights are at stake where restrictive abortion laws are in place.
^Boland, Reed; Katzive, Laura (September 2008). "Developments in Laws on Induced Abortion: 1998-2007". International Family Planning Perspectives. 34 (3): 110–120. doi:10.1363/3411008. PMID 18957353.
Fetalrights are the moral rights or legal rights of the human fetus under natural and civil law. The term fetalrights came into wide usage after Roe...
Following embryonic development, the fetal stage of development takes place. In human prenatal development, fetal development begins from the ninth week...
Fetal viability is the ability of a human fetus to survive outside the uterus. Viability depends upon factors such as birth weight, gestational age, and...
debates relating to abortion, stem cell research, reproductive rights, and fetalrights. Traditionally, the concept of personhood has entailed the concept...
law. This, in turn, meant that men, while stating they are protecting fetalrights, cannot acquire injunctions to stop their partners from obtaining abortions...
legislation have more specific laws to protect fetuses and newborn babies; see fetalrights and born alive laws in the United States). Steven Massof, a clinic employee...
value systems. Opinions of abortion may be about fetalrights, governmental authority, and women's rights. In both public and private debate, arguments presented...
pregnant woman's health is at risk or when birth defects, such as lethal fetal abnormalities, have been detected. In the United States, the mortality rate...
closure. However, other reasons that are not related to medical necessity or fetal anomalies might be a factor in these decisions. In cases where an autopsy...
imaging; the heart stops and the fetus dies as a result. Generally, the fetal material is reabsorbed into the woman's body. Selective reduction was developed...
A six-week abortion ban, also called a "fetal heartbeat bill" by proponents, is a law in the United States which makes abortion illegal as early as six...
choose to do so, taking into account various factors such as the stage of fetal development, the health of the woman, and the circumstances of the conception...
control Crisis pregnancy center Ethical aspects of abortion Eugenics Fetalrights Forced abortion Genetics and abortion Late-term abortion Legalized abortion...
bishops said that the legislation lacked safeguards for unborn babies with fetal disabilities. On 3 March 2020, the Bill passed its second reading by a narrower...
development Gestation periods in mammals Abortion law Reproductive rightsFetalrights "Gestational age: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus...
pregnancy prior to "quickening" (the moment when a pregnant woman first feels fetal movement) did not have the type of legal or political restrictions and taboos...
[citation needed] Human rightsFetalrights Women's rights International human rights law American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man Antkowiak...
state-regulated counseling intended to discourage termination and protect fetal life. Parliament passed such a law in 1995.[citation needed] Abortions are...
spontaneous abortion (otherwise commonly known as miscarriage) or retained fetal and placental tissue, or to obtain a sample of uterine lining (endometrial...
abolition of slavery and the fight for women's rights, in debates about abortion, fetalrights, and in animal rights advocacy. Various debates have focused on...
severe features or preterm premature rupture of membranes prior to a viable fetal age. Dilation and evacuation can be offered for management of second trimester...
nonhuman slavery, in debates about abortion and in fetalrights and/or reproductive rights, in animal rights activism, in theology and ontology, in ethical...
Whether these provisions may, by themselves, be the source of enforceable rights without implementing legislation has been the subject of considerable debate...
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights because Irish law banned abortion in cases of fatal fetal abnormalities. While abortions are legal at...
Born alive laws in the United States are fetalrights laws that extend various criminal laws, such as homicide and assault, to cover unlawful death or...
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