Not to be confused with the Central African Republic or British Central Africa Protectorate.
Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
1953–1963
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto: Magni Esse Mereamur
"Let Us Achieve Greatness"
Anthem: "God Save the Queen"
Status
ColonyProtectorate and self-governing colony
Capital
and largest city
Salisbury
Languages
English, Shona, Tumbuka, Ndebele, Bemba, Chewa
Government
Federal monarchy
Monarch
• 1953-1963
Elizabeth II
Governor-General
• 1953–1957
The Lord Llewellin
• 1957–1963
The Earl of Dalhousie
• 1963
Sir Humphrey Gibbs
Prime Minister
• 1953–1956
The Viscount Malvern
• 1956–1963
Sir Roy Welensky
History
• Federation
1 August 1953
• Dissolution
31 December 1963
Area
• Total
1,261,674 km2 (487,135 sq mi)
Currency
CAF pound
Time zone
UTC+2 (CAT)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Northern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia
Nyasaland
Northern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia
Nyasaland
Today part of
Malawi Zambia Zimbabwe
Administrative divisions of the federation
The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, also known as the Central African Federation (CAF), was a colonial federation that consisted of three southern African territories: the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia and the British protectorates of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. It existed between 1953 to 1963.
The Federation was established on 1 August 1953,[1][2] with a Governor-General as the Queen's representative at the centre. The constitutional status of the three territories – a self-governing Colony and two Protectorates – was not affected, though certain enactments applied to the Federation as a whole as if it were part of Her Majesty's dominions and a Colony.[3] A novel feature was the African Affairs Board, set up to safeguard the interests of Africans and endowed with statutory powers for that purpose, particularly in regard to discriminatory legislation.[3][4] The economic advantages to the Federation were never seriously called into question, and the causes of the Federation's failure were purely political: the strong and growing opposition of the African inhabitants.[3][4]: 393 The rulers of the new black African states were united in wanting to end colonialism in Africa. With most of the world moving away from colonialism during the late 1950s and early 1960s, the United Kingdom was subjected to pressure to de-colonise from both the United Nations and the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). These groups supported the aspirations of the black African nationalists and accepted their claims to speak on behalf of the people.
The federation officially ended on 31 December 1963.[5][6] In 1964, shortly after the dissolution, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland became independent under the names Zambia and Malawi, respectively. In November 1965, Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence from the United Kingdom as the state of Rhodesia.
^Rhodesia and Nyasaland Federation Act, 1953 of the United Kingdom (1 and 2 EI, 2, c. 30)
^Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Constitution) Order in Council, 1953 of the United Kingdom, S.I. 1953 No. 1199, p. 1804
^ abcRoberts-Wray, Kenneth (1966). Commonwealth and Colonial Law. London: Stevens. p. 745.
^ abSomerville, J. J. B. (1963). "The Central African Federation". International Affairs. 39 (3): 386–402. doi:10.2307/2611207. JSTOR 2611207 – via JSTOR.
^Rhodesia and Nyasaland Act, 1964
^Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Dissolution) Order in Council, 1963, S.I. 1963 No. 2085, p.4477.
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