1st Lt. Nibu Masatada and his company on February 26, 1936
Date
26–28 February 1936
Location
Tokyo, Japan
Goals
Restore direct imperial rule under Emperor Hirohito
Purge of the Tōsei-ha
Resulted in
Uprising suppressed
Loss of Kōdō-ha influence
Increase of military influence over government
Parties
Righteous Army
Imperial Japanese Army
Imperial Japanese Navy
Lead figures
Shirō Nonaka †
Kiyosada Kōda
Teruzō Andō
Hisashi Kōno †
Yasuhide Kurihara
Takaji Muranaka
Asaichi Isobe
Motoaki Nakahashi
Naoshi Sakai
Hirohito (Emperor Shōwa)
Prince Kan'in Kotohito
Yoshiyuki Kawashima
Hajime Sugiyama
Kōhei Kashii
Jōtarō Watanabe †
Number
1,483–1,558[1]
23,841[2]
Casualties and losses
19 executed Dozens imprisoned Several committed suicide
4 government officials assassinated 5 police officers killed
The February 26 incident (二・二六事件, Ni Ni-Roku Jiken, also known as the 2–26 incident) was an attempted coup d'état in the Empire of Japan on 26 February 1936. It was organized by a group of young Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) officers with the goal of purging the government and military leadership of their factional rivals and ideological opponents.
Although the rebels succeeded in assassinating several leading officials (including two former prime ministers) and in occupying the government center of Tokyo, they failed to assassinate Prime Minister Keisuke Okada or secure control of the Imperial Palace. Their supporters in the army made attempts to capitalize on their actions, but divisions within the military, combined with Imperial anger at the coup, meant they were unable to achieve a change of government. Facing overwhelming opposition as the army moved against them, the rebels surrendered on 29 February.[3]
Unlike earlier examples of political violence by young officers, the coup attempt had severe consequences. After a series of closed trials, nineteen of the uprising's leaders were executed for mutiny and another forty were imprisoned. The radical Kōdō-ha faction lost its influence within the army, while the military, now free from infighting, increased its control over the civilian government, which had been severely weakened by the assassination of key moderate and liberal-minded leaders.
^Chaen (2001), p. 130
^Chaen (2001), p. 146. Number does not include IJN personnel.
^Jansen (2002), p. 598
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