This article is about Muhammad's daughter. For other people named Fatima, see Fatima (given name). For the town in Portugal, see Fátima, Portugal. For the Marian apparition, see Our Lady of Fátima. For other uses, see Fatima (disambiguation).
Fatima
al-Zahra
Artwork with Fatima's name, reconstruction from a Safavid piece
Born
605 or 612/15 (disputed)
Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia
Died
632
Medina, Rashidun Caliphate
Resting place
Medina, Hejaz
Title
List of titles
al-Zahra (lit.'the radiant')
al-Siddiqa (lit.'the righteous')
al-Muhadditha (lit.'the one spoken to by angels')
Umm Abiha (lit.'mother of her father')
Sayyidat Nisa al-Janna (lit.'mistress of the women of paradise')
Sayyidat Nisa al-Alamin (lit.'mistress of the women of the worlds')
Spouse
Ali
Children
Hasan
Husayn
Muhsin
Zaynab
Umm Kulthum
Parents
Muhammad
Khadija
Relatives
Umm Kulthum (sister)
Zainab(sister)
Ruqayya(sister)
Family
House of Muhammad
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Verse of purification
Two things
Mubahala
Khumm
Fatimah's house
First Fitna
Second Fitna
Battle of Karbala
Origin
Persecution
Branches and sects
Twelvers
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Holy women
Fatima
Khadija bint Khuwaylid
Umm Salama
Zaynab bint Ali
Umm Kulthum bint Ali
Umm ul-Banin
Fatimah bint Hasan
Sukayna bint Husayn
Rubab
Shahrbanu
Fatimah bint Musa
Hakimah Khātūn
Narjis
Fatimah bint Asad
Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim
Sayyida Ruqayya bint Ali
Sayyida Nafisa
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Fatima bint Muhammad (Arabic: فَاطِمَة بِنْت مُحَمَّد, romanized: Fāṭima bint Muḥammad; 605/15–632 CE), commonly known as Fatima al-Zahra' (Arabic: فَاطِمَة ٱلزَّهْرَاء, romanized: Fāṭima al-Zahrāʾ), was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadija.[1] Fatima's husband was Ali, the fourth of the Rashidun Caliphs and the first Shia Imam. Fatima's sons were Hasan and Husayn, the second and third Shia Imams, respectively.[2][3] Fatima has been compared to Mary, mother of Jesus, especially in Shia Islam.[4][5] Muhammad is said to have regarded her as the best of women[6][7] and the dearest person to him.[8][6] She is often viewed as an ultimate archetype for Muslim women and an example of compassion, generosity, and enduring suffering.[4] It is through Fatima that Muhammad's family line has survived to this date.[9][7] Her name and her epithets remain popular choices for Muslim girls.[10][11]
When Muhammad died in 632, Fatima and her husband Ali refused to acknowledge the authority of the first caliph, Abu Bakr. The couple and their supporters held that Ali was the rightful successor of Muhammad,[4] possibly referring to his announcement at the Ghadir Khumm.[12] Controversy surrounds Fatima's death within six months of Muhammad's.[13] Sunni Islam holds that Fatima died from grief.[3] In Shia Islam, however, Fatima's (miscarriage and) death are said to have been the direct result of her injuries during a raid on her house to subdue Ali, ordered by Abu Bakr.[14] It is believed that Fatima's dying wish was that the caliph should not attend her funeral.[15][16] She was buried secretly at night and her exact burial place remains uncertain.[17][18]
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