Language families and Y-DNA distributions in Africa
Distribution of language families
Distribution of Y-DNA:E1b1a (related to Niger-Congo languages)
Distribution of Y-DNA:E1b1b (related to Afro-Asiatic languages)
Distribution of Y-DNA:A (related to Khoisan languages and part of Nilo-Saharan languages)
The father tongue hypothesis proposes the idea that humans tend to speak their father's language. The hypothesis is based on a 1997 proposal that linguistic affiliation correlates more closely with Y-chromosomal variation than with mitochondrial DNA variation. The initial work was performed on African and European samples by a team of population geneticists, led by Laurent Excoffier. On the basis of these, and similar findings by other geneticists, the hypothesis was elaborated by historical linguist George van Driem in 2010 that the teaching by a mother of her spouse's tongue to her children is a mechanism by which language has preferentially been spread over time. Focusing on prehistoric language shift in already settled areas, examples worldwide[1] show that as little as 10–20% of prehistoric male immigration can (but need not) cause a language switch, indicating an elite imposition such as may have happened with the appearance of the first farmers or metalworkers in the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages.
^Forster, Peter; Renfrew C (2011). "Mother Tongue and Y Chromosomes". Science. 333 (6048): 1390–1391. Bibcode:2011Sci...333.1390F. doi:10.1126/science.1205331. PMID 21903800. S2CID 43916070.
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distributions in Africa The fathertonguehypothesis proposes the idea that humans tend to speak their father's language. The hypothesis is based on a 1997 proposal...
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changing independently of each other. The degree to which the Neogrammarian hypothesis is an accurate description of how sound change takes place, rather than...
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wish or internal train of thought. Classical examples involve slips of the tongue, but psychoanalytic theory also embraces misreadings, mishearings, mistypings...
alveolar fricative [s̻], the friction occurs across the blade of the tongue, the tongue tip pointing toward the lower teeth. This is the usual /s/ in most...
documentary hypothesis, which argues that the Pentateuch is composed of multiple "sources" that were later merged. Scholars who favor this hypothesis, such...
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