This article is about the metaphor for self-image. For the sociological concept, see Face (sociological concept).
Face Negotiation Theory: Face-Maintenance Framework
Face negotiation theory is a theory conceived by Stella Ting-Toomey in 1985, to understand how people from different cultures manage rapport and disagreements.[1] The theory posited "face", or self-image when communicating with others,[1] as a universal phenomenon that pervades across cultures. In conflicts, one's face is threatened; and thus the person tends to save or restore his or her face. This set of communicative behaviors, according to the theory, is called "facework". Since people frame the situated meaning of "face" and enact "facework" differently from one culture to the next, the theory poses a cross-cultural framework to examine facework negotiation. It is important to note that the definition of face varies depending on the people and their culture and the same can be said for the proficiency of facework.[2] According to Ting-Toomey's theory, most cultural differences can be divided by Eastern and Western cultures, and her theory accounts for these differences.
^ abCite error: The named reference Ting-Toomey was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Littlejohn, S., Foss, K. (2011). Theories of Human Communication (10 ed.). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-57766-706-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
and 24 Related for: Face negotiation theory information
Facenegotiationtheory is a theory conceived by Stella Ting-Toomey in 1985, to understand how people from different cultures manage rapport and disagreements...
Negotiation is a dialogue between two or more parties to resolve points of difference, gain an advantage for an individual or collective, or craft outcomes...
Theory posits that throughout communication people will attempt to accommodate or adjust their method of speaking to others. FaceNegotiationTheory describes...
quality, satisfaction and productivity. Erving Goffman Facenegotiationtheory Self-verification theory Symbolic interactionism William Swann Wishful Identification...
of shared experience." Facenegotiationtheory – "Members of collectivistic, high-context cultures have concerns for mutual face and inclusion that lead...
negotiation, demand high social presence, whereas tasks such as exchanging routine information require less social presence. Therefore, face-to-face media...
(speakers sharing the same culture). Identity management theory explores the role of face, negotiation, and identity convergence in regard to intercultural...
different from the everyday incivility described above. According to facenegotiationtheory, politeness norms require us to avoid challenging others, but political...
communication capabilities. Media naturalness theory argues that natural selection has resulted in face-to-face communication becoming the most effective...
November 2016, it was reported that CBS was in negotiations to create a spin-off of The Big Bang Theory centered on Sheldon as a young boy. The prequel...
The Program on Negotiation (PON) is a university consortium dedicated to developing the theory and practice of negotiation and dispute resolution. As...
Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Clarendon Press. Gaffal, Margit; Padilla Gálvez, Jesús (2014). Dynamics of Rational Negotiation: Game Theory, Language...
In negotiationtheory, the best alternative to a negotiated agreement or BATNA (no deal option) refers to the most advantageous alternative course of action...
mechanisms are generally similar. There are four general classes of ADR: negotiation, mediation, collaborative law, and arbitration. In some contexts, such...
face-to-face communication on the negotiation of meaning between native speakers and non-native speakers of English. Face-to-face interaction provides individuals...
as "Thick Black Theory", "Thick and Dark Theory", or "Study of the Thick and Dark". Hou 厚 is thick in English. It comes from "thick face" in Chinese, which...
Asymmetric negotiation is an influence that occurs between counterparts of significantly different sizes as measured by the parties' relative resources...
An attachment theory is a psychological, evolutionary, and ethological theory concerning relationships between humans. The most important tenet is that...
governs his or her self-disclosures. Once a disclosure is made, the negotiation of privacy rules between the two parties is required. A distressing sense...
Andreeva, Nellie (July 16, 2014). "'The Big Bang Theory' Production Start In Limbo As Cast Contract Negotiations Drag On". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from...
Rapport has been shown to have benefits for psychotherapy and medicine, negotiation, education, and tourism, among others. In each of these cases, the rapport...
Expectancy violations theory (EVT) is a theory of communication that analyzes how individuals respond to unanticipated violations of social norms and expectations...
of negotiation, the book has received criticisms. Fisher and Ury focused on the psychology of negotiation in their method, "principled negotiation", which...
makes no award. There is a form of "conciliation" that is more akin to negotiation. A "conciliator" assists each of the parties to independently develop...
Global Information