Operation which introduces existential quantification
In formal semantics, existential closure is an operation which introduces existential quantification. It was first posited by Irene Heim in her 1982 dissertation, as part of her analysis of indefinites. In her formulation, existential closure is a form of unselective binding which binds any number of variables of any semantic type.[1][2] In alternative semantics and related frameworks, the term is often applied to a closely related operation which existentially quantifies over a set of propositional alternatives.[3][4]
^Brasoveanu, Adrian; Farkas, Donka (2016). "Indefinites". In Aloni, Maria; Dekker, Paul (eds.). The Cambridge Handbook of Formal Semantics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 238–266. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139236157.009. ISBN 9781107028395.
^Heim, Irene (1982). "Chapter 2: Indefinites as Variables". The Semantics of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases(PDF) (Thesis). University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
^Kratzer, Angelika; Shimoyama, Junko (2002). "Indeterminate pronouns: The view from Japanese" (PDF). Proceedings of the Third Tokyo Conference on Psycholinguistics.
In formal semantics, existentialclosure is an operation which introduces existential quantification. It was first posited by Irene Heim in her 1982 dissertation...
theory, a branch of mathematical logic, the notion of an existentially closed model (or existentially complete model) of a theory generalizes the notions of...
for ∃): ∃0 = 0 ∃x ≥ x ∃(x + y) = ∃x + ∃y ∃x∃y = ∃(x∃y). ∃x is the existentialclosure of x. Dual to ∃ is the unary operator ∀, the universal quantifier...
sometimes by "(x)" alone). Universal quantification is distinct from existential quantification ("there exists"), which only asserts that the property...
variables bound by an existential operator inserted in the sentence by a semantic operation that she dubbed existentialclosure. In the third chapter...
Adverbs of Quantification" (1987). David Kellogg Lewis Donkey pronoun Existentialclosure Irene Heim Adapted from Endriss and Hinterwimmer (2005). Core texts...
real closure of (F, P) in E. We call (F, P) real closed relative to E if M is just F. When E is the algebraic closure of F the relative real closure of...
membership and equality formulas and closed under conjunction, disjunction, existential and universal quantification). Typically, the motivation for these theories...
that NP is precisely the set of languages expressible by sentences of existential second-order logic; that is, second-order logic excluding universal quantification...
the interior operator is the universal quantifier and the closure operator is the existential quantifier. The monadic Boolean algebras are then precisely...
contain an existential clause. In general, such a clause can be avoided by introducing further operations, and replacing the existential clause by an...
OCLC 468298248 Horsley, Daniel; Pike, David A.; Sanaei, Asiyeh (2011), "Existentialclosure of block intersection graphs of infinite designs having infinite...
quantifier is sometimes written ⋀ {\displaystyle \bigwedge } , and the existential quantifier as ⋁ {\displaystyle \bigvee } [citation needed]. The same...
PMID 18319507. Lucas, Marijo (January 2004). "Existential Regret: A Crossroads of Existential Anxiety and Existential Guilt". Journal of Humanistic Psychology...
sharply reduced the revenues of most major rental chains, leading to the closure of most locations. Due to the precipitous drop in demand, few rental shops...
called global temperature rise above the 1.5 degree limit the "only existential threat humanity faces even more frightening than a nuclear war". Despite...
from fallacy Masked man Mathematical fallacy In quantificational logic Existential Illicit conversion Proof by example Quantifier shift Syllogistic fallacy...
science fiction, Western, and noir films. Its most prominent themes are existential boredom, loneliness, and the inability to escape one's past. The series...
the quantifier of the conclusion. Types of quantification fallacies: Existential fallacy – an argument that has a universal premise and a particular conclusion...
plain text as an abbreviation of "for all" or "for every". ∃ 1. Denotes existential quantification and is read "there exists ... such that". If E is a logical...
Defense in the George W. Bush administration, stated that "Iran is an existential threat in a way the Palestinian issue is not", thus bringing to the fore...
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